In Luke 13:10-17, Jesus is teaching in an unnamed synagogue, and heals a woman who was unable to stand up straight on the Sabbath. (That is, it was about a year earlier that Jesus had left to be baptized by John; as far as the record goes, He had not returned since.) Luke's account of Jesus' teaching in the synagogue in Nazareth contains many cultural details that modern readers gloss over. Synagogue. At the time, Jesus' ministry was less than a year old (it started in the fall of 26). The Jewish historian Josephus (37-100 AD) whose Hebrew name was Yosef ben Matityahu writes "at the time of Herod (73-4 BC) the Pharisees numbered about 6,000." In Jesus' parable, the tax collector and Pharisee go to the Temple to pray (Luke 18:10). These places of study, and the reflection on the need to be obedient, are the roots of the synagogue, a sanctuary to inspire obedience to God. But when some were becoming hardened and disobedient, speaking evil of the Way before the people, he withdrew from them and took away the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus. Bible Story Study Guide. But the jolt comes in Luke 4:15-16. 1995-2023 by The General Council of the Assemblies of God Mark 1:21. that look similar to post-destruction synagogues . The Twelve Instructed and Sent Forth. Worship (prayer) was a natural extension of the life of the community. Of course, not all decoration is architectural. When they bring you before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, do not worry about how or what you are to speak in your defense, or what you are to say; His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews; for the Jews had already agreed that if anyone confessed Him to be Christ, he was to be put out of the synagogue. Scriptures: Matthew 13:54-58. He taught with authority. Was the restriction of unclean foods in the Bible a commandment. . The earliest archaeological evidence for a synagogue comes from Egypt dating to the second half of the third century BC, where the synagogue was called a place of prayer (see, This inscription parallels the primary purpose of the synagogue as attested in the ancient literary sources. As was the writing style of the times, Luke begins describing Jesus' ministry by giving an overall summary before . A clear example of this is the religious and spiritual institution of the synagogue. Jesus is just like you! became thereby a legitimate offshoot of the Jewish synagogue. This is another way of stating they opposed Christ because they felt he performed miracles not by the power of God but by using demonic powers. Any adult member of the community was eligible to speak the sermon called the derashah. Historically, the synagogue has continued to play an essential role in the practice of Judaism. Verse Concepts. And he arose and stood in their midst . Synagogue is associated with Jewish culture. Luke 4:31-37 describes Jesus teaching regularly in the synagogue, cf. one that will give you an idea: And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in /en/features/exploring-the-practices-and-customs-of-the-first-century-synagogue, Marc Turnage, the executive director of the Assemblies of God. Then Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly of men, women and all who could listen with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month. By this time, we know he was a carpenter. This inscription provides one of the earliest archaeological witnesses for synagogues in the land of Israel in the first century. We are one body because we are made that way through Jesus (1 Cor. The iconography of this stone derives from the temple and its worship. Jesus' point was that . But the synagogue official, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, began saying to the crowd in response, "There are six days in which work should be done; so come during them and get healed, and not on the Sabbath day. And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were supposing that there would be a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled. And u as was his custom, v he went to the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and he stood up w to read. The demon inside the man knew immediately who Jesus was and the authority he had over him. . Jesus spent much time in synagogues . Jesus made it a point to heal someone in front of these self-righteous leaders to show that "it is lawful to do good on the Sabbaths" (Matthew 12:12), even though such efforts required a certain amount of work (see John 5:16 - 17). I know Who You are - the Holy One of God!" . For the official Church websites, please visit churchofjesuschrist.org or comeuntochrist.org. because he has anointed me. Nevertheless many even of the rulers believed in Him, but because of the Pharisees they were not confessing Him, for fear that they would be put out of the synagogue; One of the synagogue officials named Jairus *came up, and on seeing Him, *fell at His feet. The reading and studying of the Torah were the primary religious practices within synagogues in the land of Israel in the first century, prior to the destruction of the Temple (see. His life seemed to follow the education practices of his people quite closely. Modern readers are left on the outside. According to the New Testament Gospels, Jesus often taught in synagogues, one of which was in Capernaum (Mark 1:21-28), in northern Israel. So then, it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath." Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Then He said to the man, "Stretch out your hand!" Archaeologists have suggested that this stone served as the base of a Torah reading stand, where, on the Sabbath, the Torah reader would read from the Torah scroll and read from the Prophets (see Luke 4:17; A rereading of the Gospels mention of synagogues shows that the Gospels attest to what we see in archaeology and other ancient sources that synagogues in the land of Israel served primarily as a place of Torah reading and instruction (see. Your IP: 6:24-26), if a priest was present to offer it. Jesus was a religiously observant Jew. 15 And He began teaching in their synagogues and was praised by all. Until the year 70 C.E., the focal point of Jewish worship was the Jerusalem temple, where a hereditary priesthood offered sacrifices as described in the Hebrew Bible. 12:12-13). that offers deep and sometimes surprising insight into the Word of God through close examination of the culture of the day, biblical sites, and archaeological records. Archaeology sheds light on how ancient people lived, thought, believed; it enables us to understand how they coped with life, family, death, and dying. ), a period when the temple of Jehovah lay in ruins. It also keeps us from anachronistically assuming that first century synagogue practice mirrored later and even modern synagogue realities. He literally makes us to be just, and the Latin word [foreign language 00:13:58] means to make just. This meant that worship and study, friendship and community celebration, and even the governing of the community were all done by the same people in the same place. All were recognized as being able to share the meaning of God's Word as God had taught them in their daily walk with him. Since first-century synagogues were local communal institutions, it is not surprising that there is no evidence for a centralized group that determined what took place inside of them. There are no references to synagogues in the Old Testament, but there are many in the Gospels and the book of Acts. Originally, it probably referred to the gathered people and over time came to refer to the place of assembly as well. This would have been a natural thing for Jesus to do since he was a . Why Couldn't Jesus Do Miracles in Nazareth. And as I punished them often in all the synagogues, I tried to force them to blaspheme; and being furiously enraged at them, I kept pursuing them even to foreign cities. Different people were scheduled to read a portion each week. We do not know how many times Jesus preached in the synagogues. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. They *went into Capernaum; and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and began to teach. 13:54), healed in them (Luke 4:33-35; Mark 3:1-5), and debated the interpretation of Torah in them (John 6:28-59). But passing through their midst, He went His way. How many time did JESUS preach in a synagogue. The brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea, and when they arrived, they went into the synagogue of the Jews. Sep 15, 2013 | AAAA AskGramps Website, Jesus Christ | 0 comments. 17 And x the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. When we look in the Greek New Testament we see that Yeshua is called "Rabbi" 16 times. Behold, I will cause those of the synagogue of Satan, who say that they are Jews and are not, but lieI will make them come and bow down at your feet, and make them know that I have loved you. Women did not preach in synagogues. No one but Levites and priests could enter the Temple. If someone recited a passage, the audience would know whether it was quoted accurately or not. Here, the place in which Jesus taught and in which he cast out an unclean spirit ( Mark 1.21-28, Luke 4.31, 32) is shown. they were found in both Palestine and the Diaspora, where they were used for a variety of communal needs: as schools (Josephus, Antiquities 16.43), for communal meals (Josephus, Antiquities 14.214-216), as hostels, as courts (Acts 22:19), as a place to collect and distribute charity (Matt 6:2), and for political meetings (Josephus, Life 276-289). Afterwards, Jesus is invited to the home of the Barjonas family (meaning 'Son of Jonah' or 'Son of John' - see John 1:42) where Simon and . On the other hand, it was considered acceptable to labor, on Saturday, to tie up an animal, lead them to a trough, haul heavy buckets of water out of a well, and then dump the buckets so that their beasts could drink. Luke 4:16-37 describes Jesus teaching regularly in the synagogue, cf. The architectural style of these first century synagogues differs from that of later synagogues. It appears that the early church patterned itself after the synagogue and continued the same practice of living and worshiping together as a community, often in private homes (Acts 2:42?47). It often refers to the House of Assembly. What did the synogogue look like in Jesus' time? At the most, the Old Testament indicates that the practice of prayer, with or without sacrifice, which was to be so central to the synagogue, had already begun (Ps. Jesus spent much time in synagogues (Matt. His book, Ancient Synagogue Seating Capacities: Methodology, Analysis and Limits, was published by Mohr Siebeck in 2012. The hazzan was sometimes the teacher of the synagogue school, especially in smaller villages. We see that the teaching of Yeshua was considered a great discovery and innovation that impressed one of the great rabbis of the early 2 nd century A.D. and we see the legacy that Yeshua left as a Rabbi in the land of Israel. Luke 4:15-16. Both of Jesus' parents had "done everything required by the Law of the Lord" (Luke 2:39). Without the temple, synagogues provided already-established communal institutions that would ultimately develop into the new centers of Jewish worship. Christ rightly points out in Luke 13:15 how hypocritical Jewish teachers were in regard to observing the Sabbath. The synagogue that Jesus regularly taught in was made of black basalt stone and archaeologists date it back to at least 1AD today the only main . At the Thursday evening meeting of the synagogue Andrew had taught, his subject being "The New Way.". How many times did Jesus visit Jerusalem. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. You duly note that Jesus and the early apostles benefited from this practice. Worship also took place in first-century synagogues, although this would not develop into something like modern Jewish synagogue worship until much later. In later synagogues, elaborate mosaics with a variety of designs covered the floor (none exist from Jesus' time). Then He laid His hands on her; and immediately she was made straight, and she glorified God (Luke 13:12 - 13). 5-24. And He began teaching in their synagogues and was praised by all. and were continually in the temple praising God. Click to reveal Yes, Jesus taught in the synagogue on many occasions. (37) In the day time . He did not minister, teach or do anything miraculous until the Spirit had not only come on him (at his baptism) but come on him 'with power' (Luke 4.14). They will make you outcasts from the synagogue, but an hour is coming for everyone who kills you to think that he is offering service to God. The answers to these questions not only illuminate stories in the New Testament, they also shed light on the early years of an important Jewish institution. He performed miracles and spoke with an authority no one else could match! When did the synagogue come into use? At first, the listeners liked the message that Jesus preached. Since synagogue worship wasnt a biblical requirement, many first-century Jews probably didnt consider it necessary. In Mark 6:31-32, he invites his men to join him, saying, "Come away by yourselves to a desolate place and rest a while.". Inside the synagogue a stone was found that depicts the menorah, which in the first century resided in the temple in Jerusalem. Teaching at Nazareth. . It is the first time the New Testament records religious leaders actively watching to see if Christ violated one of their rules regarding proper Sabbath observance (Matthew 12:10). El Greco, Christ Driving the Money Changers from the Temple, c1570. Following the Torah portion, a section from the prophets (called the Haphtarah) would be read by the same or another reader. By the time a person was an adult, he knew most of the Scriptures by heart. The truly gifted would leave home to study with a famous rabbi to "become like him" as a talmid (disciple). . We address God as "our Father" because we are his assembly. "How much more valuable then is a man than a sheep! But beware of men, for they will hand you over to the courts and scourge you in their synagogues; But be on your guard; for they will deliver you to the courts, and you will be flogged in the synagogues, and you will stand before governors and kings for My sake, as a testimony to them. Chad Spigel is an assistant professor of religion at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. Additionally, there is not a single Scripture that even hints demons (or Satan himself) ever received or exercised the power to heal! What have we to do with You, Jesus, the Nazarene? The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The synagogue of Capernaum affirms the authority of Jesus' "new" teaching (Mark 1:21-28). At first students studied only the Torah. Jesus' message seems to have been met with a mixed reception. Now when they had traveled through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. But some men from what was called the Synagogue of the Freedmen, including both Cyrenians and Alexandrians, and some from Cilicia and Asia, rose up and argued with Stephen. . Here are 11 times Jesus took demons seriously-and why you should too! Capernaum, located in a region known as Galilee, is the place where Christ and at least five of his disciples lived. He almost certainly did. The problem with the Encyclopedia's argument is that the New Testament clearly states that Jewish leaders opposed any healing on Saturday (Luke 13:14, Matthew 12:10). Then He said to the man, "Stretch out your hand!" In 1913, during excavations in the City of David (Jerusalem), the French archaeologist Raymond Weill discovered a Greek inscription dating to the first century dedicating a synagogue by Theodotus, son of Vettenos, the ruler of the synagogue. All four gospels report that Jesus visited Capernaum and often attended the synagogue there: Matthew 4:13 describes Jesus leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum. The issue of first century synagogues is further complicated because the synagogue itself underwent a transformation after the Roman destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in AD 70. There was a seat for the reader of the Torah called the Moses Seat (or the Seat of Honor), because the Torah recorded the words of Moses so the reader was taking Moses place (Matt. Jesus was going through all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every kind of disease and every kind of sickness. Why did Jesus go to the synagogue on Friday instead of Sunday? Titles and functions of synagogue officials: 1. 2 And when the Sabbath came, He began () to teach in the synagogue; and [] the () many listeners were astonished, saying, "Where did this man learn these things, and what is this wisdom that has been given to Him, and such [] miracles as these performed by His hands? and didnt crystallize until the medieval period. In Iconium they entered the synagogue of the Jews together, and spoke in such a manner that a large number of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks. In this article, he provides insights to the purpose of the first century synagogues compared to later centuries and how archaeology sheds light on the biblical text, which in turn is shown to be accurate in its descriptions. It also describes the role of the synagogue within the land of Israel prior to the destruction of the Temple in A.D. 70: Theodotos, son of Vettenus, priest and ruler of the synagogue, son of a ruler of the synagogue, grandson of a ruler of the synagogue, built the synagogue for the reading of the Torah and the teaching of the commandments, and also the guest chamber and the upper rooms and the ritual pools of water for lodging for those needing them from abroad, which his fathers, the elders and Simonides founded. Jesus, after a stinging rebuke of some religious leaders for upholding traditions they said represented God's will, summed up his criticism of them by stating the following. In this way, the community encouraged even its youngest members to be active participants in its religious life. It is all too easy to shoot photos of your group with the impressive synagogue structure emphasizing the magnificence of its . But the synagogue official, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, began saying to the crowd in response, "There are six days in which work should be done; so come during them and get healed, and not on the Sabbath day.". They went to Capernaum, and when the Sabbath came, Jesus went into the synagogue and began to teach. The first of three synagogue miracles (and his first recorded casting out of a demon) takes place in Capernaum a short time after the Day of Pentecost in 27 A.D. (Luke 4:16 - 30). And He came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and He was teaching them on the Sabbath; and they were amazed at His teaching, for His message was with authority. For Paul, synagogues constituted a staging ground for preaching the gospel message and may have been a place of lodging when first arriving to town. If there was a popular preacher or Rabbi traveling through a town, the chief ruler of the synagogue would invite him to officiate and preach at the Sabbath service (ordination was not required for this). Verse Concepts. --so that they might accuse Him. And I said, Lord, they themselves understand that in one synagogue after another I used to imprison and beat those who believed in You. The New York Times is again suggesting Jesus was a Palestinian, despite having to apologize for doing so in the past. If you would like to read more the first century synagogues, I recommend Alfred Edersheims The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, book 3, chapter 10. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Jesus' attitude toward the synagogue . But they worship Me in vain, teaching for doctrine the commandments of men (Matthew 15:9, see also chapter 23). and immediately he began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, saying, He is the Son of God.. One of the obvious differences in chronology between John's gospel and the 'Synoptics' (Matthew, Mark and Luke) is that John gives an account of Jesus in Jerusalem on four different occasions, two during a Passover ( John 2.13, 12.12 ), one during an unnamed festival . Although the hazzan was in charge of worship services, the prayer leader, readers, and even the one who delivered the short sermon could be any adult member of the community. . and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia, a Roman colony; and we were staying in this city for some days. Ezekiel 20:1. Copyright 2023, Society of Biblical Literature, The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, The Ancient Synagogue from Its Origins to 200 C.E. But passing through their midst, He went His way. ", Now when they had traveled through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to, Now when the meeting of the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and of the, and immediately he began to proclaim Jesus, But some men from what was called the Synagogue of the Freedmen, including both, Synagogue Primarily an assembly of jews and God-fearers Had powers Of criminal courts, Synagogue Primarily an assembly of jews and God-fearers Had powers Of religious courts, Synagogue Primarily an assembly of jews and God-fearers, Synagogue Primarily an assembly of jews and God-fearers Constitutes a court of justice, Primarily an assembly of jews and God-fearers. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a127da74975c336 Luke 5:2 He saw two boats at the edge of the lake. The Message of Jesus's Teaching. Now in their synagogue there was a man with an unclean (demonic) spirit; and it cried out, Saying, "Ah! How many times did Jesus visit Jerusalem? A temple, in a very general sense, is the sacred place where followers of any religion go to worship. Clearly, he belonged to the community of the synagogue, because when he visited Nazareth, he was scheduled to read the Haphtarah (Luke 4:16-30) and may have read the Torah as well as he concludes with a provocative derashah. read more. It might surprise modern Christians to discover that many church practices are based on synagogue customs that Jesus followed. And beside him stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah on his right hand; and Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam on his left hand.read more.Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people for he was standing above all the people; and when he opened it, all the people stood up. He finds the place where it tells of the One anointed by Jehovah's spirit, which passage is found today at Isaiah 61:1, 2 . So too, the remodeled structures at Masada and Herodium converted into synagogues display the same feature of benches around the wall with a center focal point. Sermon series: God's Story, Part 3. He went into synagogues, somewhat the same thing as a church. Satan causing Job and Apostle Paul to suffer physically) or possibly a mild form of demon possession (Luke 13:16). And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. Now when the meeting of the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and of the God-fearing proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who, speaking to them, were urging them to continue in the grace of God. Jesus, in keeping with his culture, would simply begin with "It is written " knowing his audience would recognize an accurate quote. This directional design does not appear within the first century synagogues discovered in the land of Israel indicating that prayer was not the primary function of the synagogue. The scroll of the prophet Isaiah is handed to him. It is significant that he came to Jerusalem at age 12, already wise; then he learned a trade from His father until his ministry began at age 30. It is never used to refer to the Temple, which was God's dwelling place and not primarily a place of assembly for the community. Now in the seventh year, in the fifth month, on the tenth of the month, certain of the elders of Israel came to inquire of the Lord, and sat before me. Ezra the scribe stood at a wooden podium which they had made for the purpose. Jesus spoke about the teachers of the law and the Pharisees. And all the people in the synagogue were filled with rage as they heard these things; and they got up and drove Him out of the city, and led Him to the brow of the hill on which their city had been built, in order to throw Him down the cliff. You duly note that Jesus and the early apostles benefited from this practice. He read from it before the square which was in front of the Water Gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of men and women, those who could understand; and all the people were attentive to the book of the law. Archaeology cannot prove or disprove the Bible. And he was reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks. And He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. But the Jews who disbelieved stirred up the minds of the Gentiles and embittered them against the brethren. There are, however, other sources that may . In the time of Jesus, the Temple in Jerusalem was still standing, and was the focus of Jewish worship, as it had been for many hundreds of years. Although their discussion and study might be held in the synagogue, these disciples would travel with their rabbi, learning the wisdom of Torah and oral tradition applied to the daily situations they faced. While the synagogue building functioned as a community center, school, court, and place of study during the week, on the Sabbath it served as the place where the assembly met for prayer (1). That the synagogue began as the center of the Jewish social life is confirmed by the fact that it was the community center in the first century as well. According to the New Testament Gospels, Jesus often taught in synagogues, one of which was in Capernaum (Mark 1:21-28), in northern Israel.The book of Acts suggests that the apostle Paul also taught in synagogues (Acts 17:1-2).But what exactly were synagogues in the first century C.E. On Monday of Passion Week, Jesus entered Jerusalem and found merchants and money changers carrying on business in the Temple. - Luke 4:14-15. Also Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, the Levites, explained the law to the people while the people remained in their place. The delegate would open the service with various benedictions and recitations. By engaging archaeology and other ancient, non-biblical literary sources, we can better understand the details the New Testament authors assumed their readers knew, and by doing so, we can better understand their writings. And beside him stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah on his right hand; and Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam on his left hand. So when you give to the poor, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, so that they may be honored by men. In Iconium they entered the synagogue of the Jews together, and spoke in such a manner that a large number of people believed, both of Jews and of Greeks. And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were supposing that there would be a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled. Inside there were benches on three sides of the room. In the New Testament period, synagogue worship was subject to a number of authorities, including elders, shepherd, other rulers, and Archisynagogos, or chief ruler. In the synagogue there was a man possessed by the spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice. He surely attended the local school of Nazareth and learned from great rabbis as well. Whatever we heard was done at Capernaum, do here in your hometown as well. And He said, Truly I say to you, no prophet is welcome in his hometown. But do not copy what they do, for they do not practice what they preach . Another paradigm-breaking moment is found in the story of Jesus and his disciples at the home of the sisters Mary and Martha (Luke 10:38). Study Shows Jesus as Rabbi. As the God of the Old Testament manifested in the flesh, he taught the true meaning behind what was written in the Bible. Mark 1:21 John 6:59 Luke 4:16 Synagogues are the predecessor of churches. The reading and studying of the Torah were the primary religious practices within synagogues in the land of Israel in the first century, prior to the destruction of the Temple (see Mark 1:21; Luke 4:16-27; Josephus, Against Apion 2.17; Philo, Embassy to Gaius 23; Dreams 2.18; t. Megillah 3; t. Sukkah 4.6). Question-and-answer sessions between teacher and student were added to the memorization drills. healing every sickness and every disease among the people. Though literary sources prove that first-century synagogues existed, there are few archaeological remains. No prophet is welcome in his hometown why you should too valuable then is a man a. Came up and the book of the Assemblies of God! sides of the was... 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Christians to discover that many church practices are based on synagogue customs that followed. Said to the gathered people and over time came to Thessalonica, there. Were benches on three sides of the community encouraged even its youngest members be... Keeps us from anachronistically assuming that first century resided in the land of Israel in the temple Jehovah... Changers from the temple the synagogue on many occasions at Trinity University in San Antonio Texas. Minds of the Old Testament manifested in the synagogue there was a Palestinian, despite to. ( Matthew 15:9, see also chapter 23 ) began to teach, and the early apostles benefited this. A very General sense, is the sacred place where Christ and least! This Website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks of unclean foods in practice! Place in first-century synagogues existed, there are no references to synagogues in the synagogue cf... 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