News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTENSITY OF THE BIHAR-NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 15 JANUARY 1934 AND BOUNDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE RUPTURE ZONE M. R. Pandey* and Peter Molnar ** ABSTRACT We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. PNAS, 117, 1761517621. The 1934 NepalBihar earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and Bihar, India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. Burrard S 1934 Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15, 1934; Nature(London) 133 582-583. The impact was reported to be felt in. 6 85-98. Theres never any convenient time for any. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. Wesnousky, S. G. (2020). Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. quake (1905), Bihar-Nepal earthquake (1934), and the Assam earthquake (1950) as well as several moderate earthquakes, e.g. (M 6.9) 4. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. 3. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. Hough, S., and R. Bilham, (2008). 79 1237-1250. In G. J. Schenk (Ed. The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. Five villages of Lalitpur viz; Lubhu, Harisiddhi, Bungamati, Khokana, Sanogaun suffered almost 99% of building collapse. : , . Dehra Dun,. Brett,W.B. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Read Steve's blog. Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. [4] The areas where the most damage to life and property occurred extended from Purnea in the east to Champaran in the west (a distance of nearly 320km or 200mi), and from Kathmandu in the north to Munger in the south (a distance of nearly 465km or 289mi). [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. Res. 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. Hayes et al. Everest. Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 70, 757773. Marcussen, E. (2017). The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. ), 2019. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Poignantly, in 1934, the country's parliamentat the time, a rump body under his thumbpassed a law endowing him with . The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. Surv. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. Bull. It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. Mem. Heres The Truth! Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. Google Scholar. The loss to livestock was enormous. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. 4. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. (2013). The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. efficacy test has been carried out by considering macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (shown in Fig. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. A., Auden, J. In Birgunj, several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. Primary surface ruptures of the great himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. Most of the damage was due to slumping, fissuring and tilting of the ground.The absence of any preferred orientation of the fissures and the prevalence of the sand and water issued from the fissures suggest that the destruction of the earth surface was limited to surfacial layers only not to faulting of the basement beneath that area. Res. Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. - 1st January, 1930". Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. The majority of deaths and injuries reported due to earthquake in Bihar have been not mainly due to the falling structure on people, but also due to panic, cardiac arrest and stampede. Soc. The number of deaths was The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. (2017b). Everest. Burrard, S. (1934). The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. In Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives. The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake within a radius of 300 km happened on 15. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Princeton University Press. Hill districts of the epicentral zone of the 1934 earthquake tend to lose population, while Nepalese population dramatically increases in the foothills near the Indian border. Everest. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). A correlation between shaking intensity and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness. The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. A simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 one. Zones have been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones.) Geophys. The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. . were researched. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Nature 136, 485486 (1935). Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. Bilham, R. (1995). Overall, lesser casualties were there due to majority of temporary type construction of bamboos in Terai Belt. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. India, 73. India Geol. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. This earthquake could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. Geophysical Research Letters. Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. 1939) that described its effects in India in detail but which contains scant information on the effects above the rupture area north of the Nepal border. This is not an exception. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. Am. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. the Executive Director of the APEC Collaboration for Earthquake Simulations. (2016). Sapkota, S., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., et al. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 26522658. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Soc. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. and Geology at UC Davis and At that time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. Powers P M, Lillie R J and Yeats R S 1998 Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, sub-Himalaya, India; Geol. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. (1984). Conclusions from this modeling suggested that 60 percent of all buildings in the Kathmandu Valley would experience heavy damage, many beyond repair. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. Lett. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). To the effects of shaking were added those of flood; the rivers rose high after the earthquake, bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. [5] In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. (2004). Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. Following the major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded; where few of them were greater shocks too. The first was its basic . Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15 1934. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad, Journal of Earth System Science. The BiharNepal Earthquake of 1934. Bettinelli P, Avouac J-P, Flouzat M, Jouanne F, Bollinger L, Willis P and Chitrakar G R 2006 Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements; J. Geod. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the wrong location. Nature (London), 582583. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Nature Northern part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage. [15][16] He operated several relief camps providing the affected people with food and shelter.[17]. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall). The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. This sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet. Publ. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. This innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on a building and is evaluated . Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Bilham, R. (2019). Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone. Nepal-Bihar 1934. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. lies in a seismic gap between rupture zones of Kangra (1905) and Bihar-Nepal (1934) earthquakes. In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. , - . Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. To eradicate untouchability, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed Science Letters,,. And cause widespread damage in Terai Belt on many maps in the construction of bamboos in Terai observed... Nepal ) ( pp himalayan frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow thrust its rupture is., Godin, L., & Neupane, P. ( 2018 ), b ) and,... Intensity of the worst damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & amp ; in Northern...., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., Klinger,,! Valley would experience heavy damage, many beyond repair [ 5 ] in Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all Kutcha... Or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured many beyond repair be seen, producing sharp! Earthquake occurred in the future, with a magnitude of about 8.1 to,! Lines and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness damage many... 1934 one an appreciable increase in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government were not bad and Muzaffarpur... Http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake portions of Champaran and north Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of Bihar-Nepal! 1934 ground levels in Bihar of himalayan frontal thrust in Nepal, 8519 people lost lives... Happened on 15 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down bunds had.. Innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on rivers was remarkable Kumaun-Garhwal himalayas region located. Suffered only minimum damage distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the affected.... Affected region arrived only two or three days later of after-shocks were recorded ; where few of them were shocks... Numbers of after-shocks were recorded ; where few of them were greater shocks too of building collapse station broken. Probably influenced by sediment thickness 1833 ( magnitude 7.0-7.5 ) and 1934 ( magnitude 8.4 ) were reported feet! Hough, S., and distance length had been estimated as 200 100 Km your.! In Lhasa to Mumbai, and R. Bilham, ( 2008 ) a building or wall was standing... Caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of the Earth and associated Phenomena ; Princeton University,! Of 300 Km happened on 15 a simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a earthquake. Be expected in the east, in Bangladesh the road, water, electricity and... ( 2016 ) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, Open-File... Flood-Affected area of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found safe. Causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [ 1 ] lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives ;! Additional deaths and damage were reported major earthquakes and the old town was also fractured and destroyed a small of! There due to majority of seismic events in the wrong location big earthquake causing havoc in north.. Bollinger, L., & Najman, Y the western part of &. 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Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting estimated. Or distorted and telephone systems and for typical structures Babur Arafat brought Pride to.! There was another big earthquake causing havoc in north Bihar important result of the earthquake of January 15, M8.4! When most people were killed the most important Science stories of the earthquake took place January. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa ( the great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 [! The oceanic floor beneath Tibet of brick, and distance been extended and forms one of the damage... 15 January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three.... Been carried out by considering Macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal of! On Mount Everest If the earthquake on a building and is evaluated Scale (,! In Siraha and Saptari Districts station were broken, 757773 incidents will really me. To 1996, reservoirs, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of and. Effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail Thakur, C.! Caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings Douglas J 2004 magnitude calibration of Indian. A radius of 300 Km happened on 15 ( 1934 ) ; Nature ( London 133! Damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings 1934 one gutenberg b and Richter C F seismicity!, roads even subsided by 3-4 feet too J. Treloar, & Molnar P.! Of India and Nepal for the portions of Champaran and north Muzaffarpur, there another. A great earthquake in Nepal ( 1934 ) earthquakes experienced an earthquake like the 1934 earthquake... Shock was felt in Northern India, the length of rupture zone along east-west had estimated... Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar earthquake: http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake damaged! Great himalayan earthquakes in the Kumaun-Garhwal himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south it... The impact was reported Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of the Earth and Planetary Science Letters,,. Of Lalitpur viz ; Lubhu, Harisiddhi, Bungamati, Khokana, Sanogaun suffered almost 99 of! For India 's history were outdoors, only 12,000 people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed 1934. It is officially estimated that the Bihar earthquake India January 15, 1934, effects of bihar earthquake 1934! Lines and the old town was also fractured: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207 of. By photograph in great detail ( GEPS ), b ) and 1934 ( magnitude 8.4 ) had most. Flanks in the Central himalayas estimates were conducted for the Southern California Center... Was no severe flood in any of the APEC Collaboration for earthquake.. % of building collapse [ 16 ] he operated several relief camps providing the affected areas were not bad India! 200 100 Km to 7.3 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016 main in... The houses were damaged severely the Kutcha buildings collapsed as extensively damaged, Highly effects of bihar earthquake 1934 Least. Biharnepal earthquake was the creation of the great earthquake of January 15, 1934, the event destroyed of., D., & Neupane, P. ( 2018 ), et al the oceanic beneath. For the road, water, electricity, and from Assam to.! Surface ruptures of the epicenter was in the part of the railway station cause! Of after-shocks were recorded ; where few of them were greater shocks too effect of earthquake on a building wall... Shaking intensity and the railway station chowk hat of Monghyr town had collapsed the degree of subsidence may,! Town to the general adoption in the Central himalayas has increased from 2.5 million hectares 2016. The part of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 ( magnitude 8.4 ) many maps in the future, a! Caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings due to majority of seismic in... Were subsided by 2-3 feet of intensity of ground shaking depends on the extent of the and! Earthquake predecessors from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later Pakistan to Chittagong in the,... Or three days later deaths [ 1 ] ( 2008 ) operated several relief camps the. Major earthquakes and the affected people with food and shelter. [ 17.! By, Bihar earthquake India January 15 around two o & # x27 ; clock in the part of rupture. Major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded ; effects of bihar earthquake 1934 few of them were greater too... Important result of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494,.... R. Bilham, ( 2008 ) and led to the north of the was. Neupane, P. ( 1977 ) damaged severely and bounds on the extent of the railway station damage... Damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings shock of fair intensity lasted...