Spatial Distribution. 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; the local modern spelling is Hoit (Tajik: ). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. . [2], This landslide began with the failure of a large mass of rock high on the western flank of Chokrak Mountain above the village of Khait. Accueil | ENGINEERING ARTICLES | Civil Engineering Articles | GEOTECHNICAL | Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. They develop during intense rainfall, runoff, or rapid snowmelt, changing the earth into a flowing river of mud or slurry .. Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 (5,000 deaths), 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths), Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)), Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths). The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a method to estimate the cost of landslide damages in regional and local areas and has applied the method in three urban areas and one rural area. Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. Why is it important to carry out a porosity test before perming? Costs are for different periods and are unadjusted for inflation; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided. One such natural catastrophe occurred in July of 1949, when the 7.4 magnitude Khait Earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides near the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. Management and Analitical Center at Committee of ES&CD Tajikistan, Azimov Alimardon Shoirmardonovich, Director of FAZO Institute of the State Committee for Land Management and Geodesy of Tajikistan and Shahbozov Shahboz Amzalievich, chief engineer of FAZO Institute, Research Center of the State Committee for Land Management and Geodesy of Tajikistan, Farshed Karimov Deputy Director of the Institute of Geology, Seismology and Earthquake Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, the staff workers of WHO, UN IOM, Imomberdi Berdor, Program Officer of Focus Humanitarian Assistance in Tajikistan, Jumaeva Svetlana, Executive Director of the Center for climate change and disaster reduction, Doctor Mohammad Daim Kakhar, General Director of the Afghan National Office of Disaster Management, Aidan OLeary, Head of UN OCHA Afghanistan, Doctor Emlyn Hagen of NATO 3C Agency, Stefano Disperati, Chief Information Officer of iMMAP in Afghanistan, Nur Mohammad Kashani, Chief Program Officer of FOCUS Humanitarian Assistance in Afghanistan. Type of Geohazard Incident: Massive landslide in So.Tagaytay and So. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union. Consistent cloudbursts and incessant monsoon rainfall were primarily held responsible for the disaster, which has been officially termed as a natural calamity. Monetary losses from landslides come from the destruction of infrastructure, homes and businesses; loss of life; disruption of transportation routes; disruption and contamination of water supplies; and the difficulty of both removing and stabilizing landslide material. We have prepared 7 hazardous natural processes maps at scale 1:200 000 and risk assessment for each process, Integrated Natural Risk Assessment at scale 1:200 000, 7 diagrams of human settlement exposure to hazardous processes at scale 1:400 000 1:600 000 (all maps and diagrams are prepared in digital and analog form), digital materials database has been set up (bit-mapped, georeferenced bitmap and vector data) of roughly 30 GB, a final report has been prepared comprising 5 chapters: chapter 1: overview of physical and geographical conditions, climate, geological aspect, demographics and territorial administrative division; chapter 2: geological aspect; chapter 3: analysis of hazardous natural processes common to survey area; chapter 4: assessment of survey area on aggregate of natural hazards; chapter 5: recommendations on interventions mitigating the impact of hazardous natural processes; addendum 1: set of maps in analogue form, addendum 2: description of methodology and survey process, description of digital database, addendum 3: Catalogue of population centers, prone to hazardous natural processes. A more recent study, based on the size of affected settlements and the likely population density, gave an estimate of 7,200 of which about 800 were caused by the Khait landslide and 4,000 by the Yasman valley flowslide. Site. Heavy rainfall had been previously recorded in the region which had also led to flash floods, but the devastation produced in 2013 was comparable to no earlier data. Your email address will not be published. The area covered by the Yasman valley slide is about 24.4km2, with a total estimated volume of 245 MCM (million cubic metres). The massive Diexi earthquake in Diexi Mao County, Szechwan, China on August 25, 1933, triggered the Diexi landslides. In the Yasman valley hundreds of loess Acknowledgements (2009 in press). Fire in 1906 San Francisco and 1923 Great Kanto caused significant losses, but since then, important losses have also occurred in many earthquakes. 8 November 2018 Off By The Engineering Community. Kids Encyclopedia Facts. For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. The current lack of relevant tools to assess a complex and ever-changing environment in these cross-border areas does not allow an effective assessment of risks and planning for natural disaster mitigation. It is believed that floodwaters had no outlets this time, as most of the routes taken by the water previously were now blocked by sand and rocks. Some 1,221 people died and the barangay of Guinsagon was buried. 2009 in press) seeks to re-examine the landslides triggered by this earthquake. Evans et al. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. Haiyuan lost more than half its population and so did its neighbors Gansu and Shaanxi while Xiji County was buried by one of the landslides. The flow broadened as it reached the main Obi-Kabud River valley, sweeping through part of Khait, crossing the river, before climbing a 25 m high terrace on the river's western bank and continuing a further 700 m, overwhelming the village of Khisorak. ADVERTISEMENT. Landslide is capable of locking onto and attacking invisible enemies (e.g. It had a magnitude of 7.5 and triggered a series of landslides that together led to 7,200 deaths. This slide had multiple source areas on the southern side of the valley: They conclude that this is a rather destructive loess flow slide with a volume of about 245 million cubic metres. The landslide is located on the Kabir Kuh anticline in Southwest Iran at 33 degrees north latitude, 47.65 degrees east longitude. Uncategorized Haiyuan Flows, Ningxia, China, December 1920 (100,000+ deaths), Geotechnical Engineering Rule of Thumb Rajapakse Free PDF, Drilled Shafts Construction Procedures And Design Methods Free PDF, Advanced Soil Mechanics Braja.Das Free PDF, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Holtz & Kovacs Free PDF, Principales And Practice Of Ground Improvement Free PDF, Seismic Design Of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings Free PDF, Concrete Box Culvert analysis and Design Spreadsheet, Russia-Japan railway bridge would let you travel from London to Tokyo, Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration, Types of Dams, advantages, disadvantages and classification, x-Force keygen for ALL Autodesk products v2020. In January of 1962, a thaw triggered the breaking off of a portion of the north summit of the mountain, leading to a landslide/avalanche that led to the tragic death of nearly 4,500 people. The impact of a landslide can be extensive, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, damage to land and loss of natural resources. Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait Earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life Engineering Geology DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.007, Evans, S., Bishop, N., Fidel Smoll, L., Valderrama Murillo, P., Delaney, K., & Oliver-Smith, A. About 40 million cubic meters of water exploded from the crater lake with lots of volcanic material, ash, and sediment to form dangerous lahars. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. The whole town consisting of about 9,000 to 9,300 people was destroyed, and Diexi was completely submerged in water. The 8.5-magnitude Haiyuan Earthquake was the worlds second deadliest earthquake of the 20th Century. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Rivers were forced into dams with some changing their courses. This landslide was one of the most destructive landslides in history. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) 8. The basis and starting point of cost estimation in this methodology is a landslide database, e.g., the one maintained by our working group (cf. Although there are a massive number of recorded landslides throughout the years, listed below are a few of the deadliest landslides that claimed many lives. Vargas Tragedy, Vargas, Venezuela, December 1999 (30,000 deaths), 1. What are the harmful effect of landslide? 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths), 7. The following project staff has been involved in project activities: Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Ms. Olga Krutkina (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Mirzo Saidov, Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Akmal Akhmedov (field work, map development and report-writing), Phd of Geographic Sciences, Mr. Kirill Pshenichny (map development), Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Mr. Vladislav Minaev (map development), Mr. Alexander Dudnik (map marking) and Mr. Bunyod Sabzaliev (project logistics and general coordination). 12 Biggest Landslides In History Haiyuan Earthquake/Landslides. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Landslides include a wide range of phenomena involving downslope ground movement, such as rockfalls, deep slope failure, shallow debris flows, and avalanches. It is said that the circus clown led them to a tent on the higher ground thus saving their lives. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union. 1988, resulted in approximately $12 million in damage and cost $8 million to rebuild. Photo credit: FEMA News. American Geosciences Institute. Mount Kelud, in Eastern Java, Indonesia, is quite infamous as an extremely active, hazardous volcano, and one which has erupted about 30 times in the past killing thousands of people in its volcanic disasters. The largest single failure was the Khait landslide. This is mainly due to the fact that the Australian landscape has an elevation that is relatively low, making it the lowest continent. Even a small landslide that damages a few homes can cost millions of dollars. More than the usual rainfall that year made it worse. Some reports, such as the Wikipedia article on this landslide, have suggested a death toll as high as 28,000 people, although to be fair this may well be something of a misinterpretation of the original source. Even a small landslide that damages a few homes can cost millions of dollars. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. The dams function was to retain the glacial meltwaters of Lake Palcacocha helping to prevent against melting of the lakes glaciers. Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths) 9. The most catastrophic part of landslides is that the rapidly moving debris can cause unexpected dangers to arise by means of broken water, gas, electric, or sewage lines which adds to the threat of losing lives. The statistic shows the economic damage caused by mudslides in the period from 1900 to 2016*. [2] . Closeby valleys of Khait and Yasman were badly affected. A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarn, Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1962 and 1970, On the loss of life in landslides during the 1949 Khait earthquake. The mudslide in Peru in 1983 caused . News of the landslide was not publicly revealed by the government and details of the disaster were not revealed until after the fall of the Soviet Union. The southern margin of the Tien Shan is characterised by combination of dextral strike-slip faulting and southward thrusting over the Tajik Basin to the south along the Gissar-Kokshaal fault zone. What hazards may happen in the event of earthquake landslide and volcanic eruption? The weather can contribute to landslides and can be a terrible and ferocious disaster which cannot be tamed. The paper re-evaluates the Khait landslide, and the other large slide that was triggered in the earthquake, providing a rational analysis of the likely impacts of the mass movements. Explosions burst through the trailing part of the landslide, blasting rock debris northward. Direct costs include damage to structures and roads, whereas indirect costs include items such as decreased property values, lost productivity, and the expense of driving longer distances when roads are blocked. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Debris and mud flows are rivers of rock, earth and other debris saturated with water. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union. The earthquake occurred in a tectonically complex region at the southern ed The damages can be significantly reduced, however, through the combined action of technical experts, government, and the public. 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