Sundown towns are all-white communities that intentionally exclude African Americans or other minorities from residing within their boundaries by forced expulsion, violent threats, or economic coercion. You're at your local Whole Foods shopping for kale chips and asparagus water, trying to work out if you'll have time to stop at the Pottery Barn before you head to your yoga class taught by a girl named Sage. According to Wikipedia, an anonymous author wrote "Waverly's not having a single colored resident is a rare mark of distinction for a town of its size" and that Waverly had never had "a Negro or mulatto resident". We limited our analysis to non-CDPs with a population greater than 5,000 people. Being able to translate feedback into visual prototypes for my collaborators to see the impact of styling choices made the process much smoother.. And then, Mrs. Condor recalled, they said they werent going to allow any more [blacks] to come in town at all., And so, sometime in or soon after 1922, now-forgotten figures posted a sign near Swansboros town gate that read: Nigger dont let the sun set on you in this town.. I live in a neo-sundown town called Garner, NC. The generic sundown town sign was a formal, simple statement of policy, like "No parking after 5 p.m." Vidor's sign was not. In Love in the Archives, you can also follow my expeditions to museums, libraries and archives here and abroad as I search for the lost stories from our coastal past. Exploring the History, Literature, and Culture of the Tar Heel State, In three places, at least, in North Carolina a Negro is not allowed to stay over night. All rights reserved. The SHAs new museum, the Swansboro Area Heritage Center, now even includes a timeline of the towns history that includes the events of 1922 and Swansboros status as a sundown town. And I know more good things are coming. Know of a town that should be on this list? 62 F. RealFeel 67. Dan Carter Winter 2007 1/21/2008. Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in March 2023 . Nia Noelles media career has spanned two decades, beginning as a Media TV Spokesperson at Norman High School, to her formal training at The William Fulbright School of Arts in Broadcasting Journalism at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, doing TV and radio, to her professional career. Name altered to protect my wife as we still live in the Boro and it is MAGA central. About a year later the second mailbox was vandalized. Negroes may work unmolested all day, but, if they linger after nightfall, they are reminded that it would not be healthy for them to remain during the night., From Race Distinctions in American Law by Gilbert Thomas Stephenson (1910), Mitchell County and Hot Springs in Madison County are listed among James Loewens Possible Sundown Towns in NC., on For black visitors, sundown had ominous meaning, For black visitors, sundown had ominous meaning, Charlotte Speedway, Ghost Track of the Carolinas, New in the collection: childs wrestling title belt, New in the collection: Piedmont Airlines safety card, New in the collection: Blotter from Palms Restaurant. That's the phrase used to describe cities that historically did not permit African Americans to live in their communities. You describe several communities as "still sundown" as late as the 1980s: are you saying that the legal restrictions on black residency persisted, or just that there were still no Black residents? Two months later, an all-white jury convicted Willie Hardison of first-degree murder and sentenced him to the electric chair. The only town I have confirmed for sure in Mississippi, Mize, population 309 in 1990, was considered so unusual that its whiteness prompted newspaper stories. Thank you, David. They are all over the US and concentrated particularly in the Midwest, he says. That farmers name was Nash Bell and he was Stephanie Bell-Roses great-grandfather. Hollywood also set two other films in the Deep South that include sundown town signs, Sudie and Simpson, a 1984 film about Georgia starring Louis Gosset Jr., and Danny Glover's 2000 film Freedom Song, set in Mississippi. During much of that time, a local farmer had given Hardison a home because he was an orphan. Through their work, the events of 1922 and their aftermath are gradually being recognized more often in public as part of Swansboros history. Nevertheless, that rumor spurred white fears and anxiety in many eastern North Carolina communities in the weeks after the murder of Cy Jones. Sundown towns dated back to the colonial days, when the ordinances and laws were also aimed at Native Americans. Creation and Enforcement Most sundown towns emerged between the 1880s and 1960s . Goshen, IN, and La Crosse, WI, discussed on this website, provide examples of places that have done so. My intentions when I purchased my home was not to integrate Garner, NC or placate crackers, but to live in a place that I could afford with my family near to their school and live abundantly. Youll eventually be able to find the whole series here at The Color of Water.. It features all historical weather data series we have available, including the Lenoir temperature history for March 2023. Boby Goodwin also called to report me to the city for having an empty shopping bag on my property. When Hardison denied knowledge of the event, the posses members used what a local newspaper called third degree methods to force a confession. When the police came to my home they were not concerned with our safety they wanted to witness if we were burning trash because they got a call from a self deputized overseer. Sundown towns are a part of our nation's history our somber history of discrimination and racial strife. I always knew I grew up in a pretty racist area, but I went through the list of TX sundown towns on this map and there were 10 within a 30 mile radius of my hometown. Sundown Towns Today. While it is hard to find out exactly why Shelby Ohio has an extremely low population of black that qualifies them as a sundown town. This report shows the past weather for Lenoir, providing a weather history for March 2023. A look at sundown towns. Of course, both writers have a perfect right to write about whatever part of the country they wish, in whatever era. Id love to speak with you further on this, youre welcome to contact me at [email protected]. Boby Goodwin wanted to take a nap at 4:30pm and he said his bedroom window was close to where the basketball hoop was and he didnt want to hear black children play basketball back in 2015. King. As stated earlier, a sundown town (also known as a gray town) is an area in the U.S. where Black people are essentially forced out of the public once the sun goes down. Its the story of a specific historical momentthe summer of 1922but it is also the story of how Swansboro became what people call a sundown town for roughly half a century. Why not dig as far back as to who kidnapped the people sold them, shipped them here and sold them to whoever bought them. While working on a digital interactive map with National Geographic, Taylor says she discovered there has been a small increase in Black and Brown people in sundown towns even though they. I imagined I would find perhaps ten sundown towns in Illinois and fifty across the nation. Advertisement. Here are the 10 whites places in North Carolina for 2022: Oak Island. Hoosiers is about one small Indiana sundown town defeating another in basketball; the key game is played in Jasper, a larger sundown town. But the progress began to stall in 1890. My email address [email protected] woulld love to talk with you. In a separate trial, another all-white jury found the other three young persons guilty of first-degree murder. Several . The percentages ranked from 97.0% to 16.9%.Finally, we ranked each city based on the percent of White population with a higher score being more White than a lower score. You have to understand that most of these monuments were put up during the Jim Crow south in an effort to instill fear in our black citizens and scare them from voting, education, etc. They are not suspected sundown towns but are listed for other reasons. This film not only fails to tell that Grosse Pointe was all-white on purpose, it inserts a black alumnus or two into the major character's high school reunion. Not sure what the downvotes are for. To uncover the story, they have done extensive research in old newspapers, court records and other historical documents. In the 1890s, sundown towns were already beginning to proliferate across the rural Midwest, and perhaps these earliest iterations are why those like myself immediately think of this region as the hub for these restrictive places. The book Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen states thatmany of the sundown towns across America had signs at their city limits reading Nigger, Dont Let The Sun Go Down On You In ___. If you're curious enough, here are the least White places in North Carolina: For more North Carolina reading, check out: Chris Kolmar has been in the real estate business for almost ten years now. Because I lived in Mississippi for eight years, however, I tried to find every sundown town I could in the Magnolia State. He was married to Frank and Fred Doves sister. I applied for a protection order from Wake County Courts against Donald Barnet, of course with no confidence in the system designed to uphold crackers, police racism and violence against Black people. Sundown towns are rare in the South but common in the rest of the country. Each play involved at least one murder; the "No Play," as it is sometimes euphemistically referred to, also included the off-stage rape of the main character, a black woman, by a local white racist. Evidently, Williams and Blackwell had attended a meeting at the lodge on the Friday night before Cy Jones murder. Measuring the locations with the highest percentage of white people, this list provides accurate information on the whitest places in North Carolina according to the most recent data. It's by no means a complete list, but this map of sundown towns is perhaps the most accurate picture of their overwhelming presence. Both productions were well acted. he took his petty ass to the police station to show video and rile up the local racists who call themselves police of Garner, NC. as sad as the rest of the story is, its so.very.important. Every town has its 2% thug minority. The post said sundown towns. There were an estimated 10,000 communities across the U.S. that qualified as sundown towns at their height in 1970 . Next upThe Color of Water, Part 3: Sundown Towns, Get Outlook for iOS ________________________________, thanks, David. Almost all the towns that Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration set up during the Depression were sundown towns, including Greenbelt, Md. http://sundown.afro.illinois.edu/sundowntowns.php, Review: DeSantis's Book is a Campaign Tome Written by ChatGPT, 20 Years After Iraq Invasion, Need for Dissenting Perspectives is Clear, Phosphorus Giveth (Life) and Phosphorus Taketh Away, Students are the Victims of DeSantis's Education War in Florida, Linda King Newell, 82, Pioneering Feminist Mormon Historian, Portraits of 19th C. Black Charlottesville Show Life, Joy, Black History Month Traces to a Key Meeting in a Chicago YMCA, How (Some) of the Hip Hop Generation Learned Black History, The Executive Branchs Response to the Flood of 1927, The Case For Calling the Language "American", America Fought Its Own Battle Over Books Before it Fought the Nazis. Wind Gusts 5 mph. Greenhills is a planned village established in Hamilton County in the 1930s. These towns openly discriminated against Black residents and visitors, and violence was a common tactic. Map: Sundown Towns of Metro Detroit October 4, 2021 By Alex B. Hill This map comes from the only database of Sundown Towns created at the History and Social Justice project at Tougaloo College in MIssissippi. In many ways, the early 1920s reminds me of two earlier periods of white racial violence in North Carolinas history: the white supremacy campaign of 1898 and the Klans original wave of terror in 1868-71. We then calculated the percent of residents that are White. The Birth of Sundown Towns After the Civil War and Reconstruction, when African Americans who had been forced and born into slavery were freed and given rights under the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution, life improved for many Blacks. However, he was the one to approach me about my curb mail box that was vandalized twice. Calhoun is hardly alone in maintaining this peculiar institution. Credit JAMES LOEWEN, 'SUNDOWN TOWNS: A HIDDEN DIMENSION IN AMERICAN RACISM' I thought black folks were merely showing good judgment by not choosing to live in Niantic, population 890, or De Land, population 458towns too small to have a motion picture show. Beginnings Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State Select a state from the map below to view a list of sundown towns Sundown Towns by State James W. Loewen, sociologist, historian, citizen."Telling the truth about the past helps cause justice in the present.Achieving justice in the present helps us tell the truth about the past." We use data, analytics, and a sense of humor to determine the dirt on places across the country. I have always known who you were I only acted oblivious. If I got something wrong, I hope you will also let me know. However, no evidence indicates that the Knights of Gideon lodge in Swansboro was one of those groups. In reality, no sign saying "No Niggers, No Jews, No Dogs" ever disgraced any sundown town in Mississippi. Nonfiction media also follow this rule of portraying sundown towns in the South, where they are rare, and ignoring them in the North, where they are widespread. He still did not confess. If you're wondering, Selma is the least white city of all those we measured. Hollywood made two films from this play, Orpheus Descending and The Fugitive Kind, the latter starring Marlon Brando. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. RoadSnacks is reader-supported. Founded in 1869, St. Thomas is one of the oldest African American churches in Onslow County. The story begins in the summer of 1922, and the first thing we need to remember is that racial tensions had rarely been higher in coastal N.C. than in the early 1920s. The thin yellow-colored curve shows the trajectory of the sun, the yellow deposit shows the variation of the path of the sun throughout the year. Uncle Dan gave my father a gun, she said. Fayetteville was never a sundown town, but sundown towns surrounded it, since this part of Arkansas lies in the Ozarks, not the traditional South. Hispanicor Latino of any race were 4.75% of the population estimated in 2019. For the visual design of the map, I was inspired to use a style that conveyed the somberness of the data subject as well as the academic research of the larger project. The news came out that [blacks] were coming in town and take Swansboro over, she said. In May 2022, an image went viral that supposedly showed a sign in a modern-day "sundown town" that read "whites only within city limits after dark." While the assertion that sundown towns still . Some were quite large: Appleton, Wisconsin, had 60,000 people when it was a sundown town. Don't worry, we've figured it out for you. Accompanying the production was a display of photographs of African Americans who lived in the area in the era depicted in the play. My first time encountering Donald Barnet he came over to my yard to tell me I didnt need to put up a mail box while I was putting up MY mailbox in 2015. Below please see all North Carolina cities and towns which are listed in alphabetical order. "Between 1890 and 1954, thousands of independent communities across the United States drove out their black populations or took steps to forbid African Americans from living in them. Tambin puedes visitar g.co/privacytools en cualquier momento. Her passion and conviction about the importance of the story added a powerful sense of urgency to Amelia and Anthonys research efforts: it meant a lot to them to know that somebody cared so deeply about a story that for so long had been engulfed in silence. You are a very small person to think I give a fuck about a dead dog. That honor may go to Tennessee Williams's Orpheus Descending, in which the sheriff in a small Deep South town tells the main character about a nearby county that displays a sign, "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Go Down On You In This County." There are a total of 760 towns and cities in the state of North Carolina. Whats known is this: A rural mail carrier, courier and taxi driver named Cyrus Cy Jones was shot on August 5, 1922 while traveling on the Swansboro Loop Road, near what is now the Oyster Bay subdivision. The data collected by Dr. Loewen and his team uncovers that history and invites everyone to think critically about reasons behind why people live and don't live where they do today. Cheapest Places To Live In North Carolina, Download The Entire North Carolina Ranking Data, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone*. As we chatted in the churchs front yard, we looked down on the site where Swansboros old town gate had once stood. And (3) state, "And we don't do it any more." }, 2000 ) } ); At the 2020 Republican National Convention Nikki R. Haley, formerly the ambassador to the United Nations and governor of South Carolina said during her address that America is not a racist country,. According to the playwright, who died in 2001, the title came from a sign he saw in Mississippi. Donald Barnet you will never be my overseer you petty cracker ass cracker. Chasing Chains, LLC. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. Hes played a critical role in this work, too. Many Northerners live in ongoing sundown towns, yet have no idea that their communities are this way on purpose. The terms are 1. no contact with Donald Barnet 2. dont talk about Donald Barnet on social media and 3. dont play loud speeches/music/ect until June 2021 and then all charges would be dropped if these terms are followed. Provide your email to be notified about new posts! Donald Barnet also proudly proclaims himself as victim during court proceeding when my name is called. South Florida has a . Courtesy, CrystalCoast.com, This is the second in a special series on Jim Crow and our coastal waters that I am calling The Color of Water. In the next few weeks, Ill be posting 7 or 8 stories about coastal North Carolinas forgotten history of all-white beaches, sundown towns and racially exclusive resort communities. Mostly Cloudy 25,000 ft. In Northern locations where black exclusion actually happened, Hollywood covers it up. They gathered because that was the hangin tree and were there to bear witness to its fall. Swansboro is a small town located in the central part of the N.C. coast, approximately 25 miles from where I grew up. This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total. Del City Condos for Rent; Warr Acres Condos for Rent; Bethany Condos for Rent; . As a result, North Carolinas governor, Cameron Morrison, commuted their death sentences to life imprisonment. Organizing and educating oppressed peoples in the struggle for unity, dignity, and liberation. At his trial, Hardison testified that that the posse shot at his feet, and then strapped him to a log and beat him. "We did this." And the third statement needs to have teeth. North Carolina. Thank you for subscribing! AmeriKKK was and never will be great. [Publisher's description.] Take Grosse Pointe Blank, for example, a John Cusack vehicle. Throughout the play, a dozen bluegrass songs and hymns related to what we had just seen. The largest cities on the North Carolina map are Charlotte, Raliegh, Asheville, Wilmington, and Greensboro. Sunrise over Tree on Currituck Sound NC. Fear gripped the white townspeople. We never talked that is a lie I would listen to your lies go in my house then laugh and talk with my family about the crackers next door who didnt even realize I knew they were racist. Destroying Americas Racist Past: Protesters Take Down Confederate And Imperialist Statues, Help a Child in Need at St. Jude DONATE NOW, Mother of ATL Inmate Explains Viral Thirst Trap Pic, Amid Dilbert Backlash, Racist AOL Account Allegedly Linked To Scott Adams, Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen, a sign near the Erie depotwarn[ing] niggers that they had better not let the sun set on their heads. The new interactive map helps people to understand the extent of this history, and engage with it. One account claimed that the posse also threatened to lynch Hardison immediately, rather than carry him to the sheriff to be arrested and tried, if he did not confess. Sundown Towns redraws the map of race relations, extending the lines of racial oppression through the backyard of millions of Americans and lobbing an intellectual hand grenade into the debates over race and racism today. Local people often hired Cy Jones to carry government checks to a bank in Maysville, in Jones County, that would cash them. View Nearby Apartments . That is not all the story. Thus ignorance of sundown towns in the North helps them stay sundown. [White] people were coming from the Coast Guard station with guns and swords, and [white] people around town would get their guns out, she recounted. Black Mountain. According to Wikipedia,an anonymous author wrote Waverlys not having a single colored resident is a rare mark of distinction for a town of its size and that Waverly had never had a Negro or mulatto resident. 'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.async=true;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'); NC. Town of Duck NC walking trail. The third mailbox is now a brick mailbox that can not be vandalized with a bat that I put up in 2016. Growing up, I knew that most towns in central Illinois were all white, but it never occurred to me that they might be all white on purpose. It was a sign born of fear, an ancient tribalism and souls rent and made fragile by what a society grounded in white supremacy makes us do to one another. As well, a few plays and movies, notably Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun, treat residential discrimination in the North but do not hint at sundown towns and suburbs. The question of who actually did the kidnapping of Africans who eventually became slaves seems to deflect blame away from the race who capitalized on it and made wealth from it. For long decades, that sign was not spoken of. Sundown Town was more impressively mounted. C Carrboro, North Carolina M Madison County, North Carolina Mitchell County, North Carolina P Pinebluff, North Carolina S Southern Pines, North Carolina That Saturday in January, 2011, was a special day: the Swansboro Historical Association (SHA) was recognizing the historic importance of the church and its freedmens school. When you click through real estate links on our site, we earn an affiliate commission. Im not originally from the south, but have lived in NC since 1985 and Swannsborough since 1998. No matter. His actions have proved to me that he would like to return to a time in history where Black women and children bow down to his existence or stance on anything. A white posse quickly tracked down one of the alleged assailants, a 15-yr-old boy named Willie Hardison. Sundown towns are all-white parts of the United States considered to be unsafe for Black people after dark. The term goes back to segregation-era signs that said "colored people" had to leave. Thank you my love, Takiyah Thompson for changing the world this fact and living is what I will focus on. While racism was documented there, it is not fully known if blacks were prohibited from living in the area. Learn why sundown cities, towns, suburbs, and neighborhoods developed-and how they continue to shape the lives and relationships of black and white Americans today. ; Greenhills, Ohio; Hanford, Wash.; and others. Swansboros long history as a sundown town was untold, unmarked and unremembered. More and more people are realizing the American dream is not only a fallacy, it is also a nightmare while Black. Obviously we had to count how many white people living there, specifically the percentage of white people living in each city in North Carolina. Until then, best wishes, David. TheatreSquared advertized Cohea's play as a world premiere, although a version was performed earlier at a theater lab in Arkansas. But before his birth in the early 20th century, Niles was a sundown town. Today, in the second installment of my special series called The Color of Water, I am looking at the story behind that sign that was posted for so many years at Swansboros town gate. Your submission has been received! An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. He was white. They looked over to see if we had a brick enclosure as the pig who came out that night alluded to and of course I did have the fire surrounded by bricks because we stay ready. The racial makeup of Garner, NC was 67.02% White, 27.13% Black, 0.41% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.77% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Youll also find a new project that features historical photographs of maritime life on the North Carolina coast between 1870 and 1941. The local police quickly arrested those three young people. So this is a formal fuck you I see you all! Phone: 828-459-1980 Fax: 866-899-4817. Learn how your comment data is processed. Greenhills restricted minorities from purchasing homes in the village. Nobody Ive talked to seems to remember when the sign in Swansboro came down. My point in writing this essay is not to criticize their choices, but to call to the attention of other playwrights and filmmakersand of the rest of usthe elephant in the republic's all-white living rooms. Find apartments for rent at 443 Sundown Dr from $2,000 at 443 Sundown Dr in Norman, OK. Get the best value for your money with Apartment Finder. I immediately knew who and what he was by the conversation and handled him accordingly until I got my fence. A remarkable trio of local women organized the ceremony: SHA activist Amelia Dees-Killette; the churchs minister, the Rev. As early as the 19th century Waverly was an established sundown town. We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began. In that confession, Hardison did not indicate why he had not taken the car. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. I remember when First Citizens Bank in Swansboro was being rebuilt approximately twenty years ago. He told us when. He is obsessed with criminalizing and overseeing me and the courts and police of North Carolina sanctions this. Then once I actually received a date to appear for webex court. Midwestern newspapers did not comment on the whiteness of townsthey thought it "natural." Reading is a suburb of Cincinnati established in 1797, but in 1912 blacks were prohibited from living there or being in the city limits after dark. I was told laws were changed by the government for fair housing and anti discrimination. There is more in my book on all of the above matters. No display told of the towns that did not allow African Americans in that era, some of which remain all white. Reported on Good Authority That Body of Negro Lodge Leader Will Never Be Found.. Forgotten Story of America's Whites-Only Towns. (LogOut/ I made sure to look up the laws of Garner, NC. For half a century, my friends in Swansboro told me, that gate marked an unalterable line in local black peoples lives. I knew the moment I put up my fence after turning your sexual advances down that you would be more obviously racist and I was never wrong. Oak Island took the distinction of being the most White, while Selma was the least White city. A local historian, a retired dentist (and friend of mine) named Jack Dudley, mentioned the sign by the town gate in an excellent book of historical photographs, Swansboro: A Pictorial Tribute. Let us know. Elkton. It treats the agreement by which the power elite in Darien, Connecticut, kept out Jews. Part 2 Swansboro: Dont Let the Sun Set onYou, The Color of Water, part 3: Knotts Island No Place forNegroes, A History of Racial Injustice | Ekklesia Church, Shark Hunter: Russell Coles at Cape Lookout. A similar ratio holds, I believe, in Oregon, Indiana, and various other Northern states. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. African Americans who lived in Mississippi a home because he was married to Frank and Fred Doves.... And more people are realizing the American dream is not only a fallacy, it MAGA... Nightmare while Black sundown towns in north carolina map Gideon lodge in Swansboro came down for example, dozen... A home because he was by the conversation and handled him accordingly until I got something wrong I... Handled him accordingly until I got something wrong, I tried to find the whole series here at Color! In many eastern North Carolina for 2022: Oak Island Cohea 's play as a result, North governor! State, `` and we do n't worry, we looked down on the North helps them sundown! Ignorance of sundown towns in Illinois and fifty across the U.S. that qualified as sundown towns at their in. Alphabetical order sundown towns are all-white parts of the towns that did allow... And anti discrimination she said be on this, youre welcome to me! Weather history for March 2023 way on purpose 4.75 % of the country in.! Posse quickly tracked down one of the towns that did not allow Americans... 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