Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis studies highlight convergence and divergence across participants, showing both the experiential themes that the participants share and the unique way each theme is manifested for the individual. WebThe brief, practical texts in the Essentials of Qualitative Methods series introduce social science and psychology researchers to key approaches to to qualitative methods, offering exciting opportunities to gather in-depth qualitative data and to develop rich and useful findings. It's researchers and participants talking, interviewing, running focus groups and sharing verbal information about their lives that makes for rich and revealing discourse. Its an approach often used to explore how people make sense of life experiences. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization Health and romance: understanding unprotected sex in relationships between gay men. The following publication may further help, particularly: what makes a good IPA paper? See: Smith, 2011, p. 24. Hefferon, K. and Gil-Rodriguez, E Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 102-120. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. in a study of the experiences of young people learning to drive, we might find themes like 'Driving as a rite of passage' (where one key psychosocial understanding of the meaning of learning to drive, is that it marks a cultural threshold between adolescence and adulthood). IPA studies do not test theories, then, but they are often relevant to the development of existing theories. What is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis? IPA usually requires personally salient accounts of some richness and depth, and it requires that these accounts be captured in a way that permits the researcher to work with a detailed verbatim transcript. ), (pp. hUKo0+o%YO(tZ`a C)bHZRT^4) L[&`1!%z&Joigz+Urssc'%Lrewlk~'Ur}q}i}lk`5E"Cgg uYu5}mM)~6j]PX)Gi6[NHO5AJCw#5geY28x These steps are necessary to address the needs of a marginalised group living with a diagnosis of FTD. The brief, practical texts in the Essentials of Qualitative Methods series introduce social science and psychology researchers to key approaches to qualitative methods, offering exciting opportunities to gather in-depth qualitative data and to develop rich and useful findings. To enhance your experience on our site, SAGE stores cookies on your computer. )QV"S4S z=S :Q@ The entry then makes explicit each stage of analysis, which encompasses detailed initial note making, uncovering emergent themes, creating individual and group tables of themes, and writing up. It is especially well-suited to exploring experiences perceived as highly significant, such as major life and relationship changes, health challenges, and other emotion-laden events. WebAs an approach that is "participant-oriented," interpretative phenomenological analysis approach allows the interviewees (research participants) to express themselves and their Furthermore, as a qualitative research approach, IPA gives researchers the best opportunity to understand the innermost deliberation of the 'lived experiences' of research participants. Barry, K. (2014). Smith, J.A. Gill, M. J. Smith, J.A. Spiers, Johanna, and Jonathan A. Smith. A. Palmer, M., Larkin, M., de Visser, R., & Fadden, G. (2010). Step Process 2.1 2.2 Go through the transcript line by line and highlight anything and everything of importance about the phenomenological experience in the left hand margin. As mentioned earlier, the process of IPA analysis is basically the same, it is simply that the terminology used to describe what we are doing (e.g., exploratory noting, formulating ES etc) and the products of our analysis at the different points in the process (e.g., ES, PETs and GETs) have changed. 55 0 obj <> endobj & Connolly, K. IPA is underpinned by philsophy, including phenomenology, hermeneutics, and idiography (aka big words). The approach is phenomenological (see. This in itself is not ground-breaking in qualitative studies, however the approach originally grew from psychology, where a distinct psychological interpretation of how the participant perceives their experiences was often applied. Usually, these situations are of personal significance; examples might include a major life event, or the development of an important relationship. Whats food got to do with it? The main purpose of this analysis is to explore in detail how participants are making sense of their personal and social world to dig out an individuals personal perception or account of an object or event It is purely a qualitative approach IPA is a particularly useful methodology for examining topics which are complex, ambiguous and emotionally laden. Applying all this philosophy to research, we consider looking for significant events in the lives of the people we are studying, and trying to infer through their language how they interpret and make meaning of these events. "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is an increasingly popular approach to qualitative inquiry and essentially an attempt to understand how participants experience and make meaning of their world. WebEssentials of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis : Nizza, Isabella E, Smith, Jonathan A.: Amazon.se: Books endstream endobj 56 0 obj <><><>]/ON[72 0 R]/Order[]/RBGroups[]>>/OCGs[72 0 R]>>/Pages 53 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 57 0 obj <. As the analysis develops, the researcher catalogues the emerging codes, and subsequently begins to look for patterns in the codes. Giving voice and making sense in Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The Possibilities of Phenomenology for Organizational Research. 60 0 obj <>stream It posits a very deep walk two moons in their moccasins approach that is not right for boarder research questions, perhaps when wanting to contrast the broad opinions of a more diverse sample. This entry Im not going to go much into the limitations of the approach here, suffice it to say that you are obviously limited to understanding participants meanings of the world through something like the one-dimensional transcript of an interview. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Then, The next step in the analysis is the search for. You could boil this down such that: 2. For many years a corporate trainer and consultant, she is now part of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Research Group within the Department of Psychological Sciences at Birkbeck University of London, where she also teaches qualitative methods. WebWhat are the specific steps to use in interpretive phenomenological analysis ? Hello I know it can be a bit late somehow. But I think this can help you. Spurred on by ideas floating around social media, my, In qualitative research, most data collection comes from conversations. Usually this entails line-by-line coding, where each sentence from the transcript is given a short summary or theme essentially a unique code for every line focusing on the phenomena being discussed (Larking, Watts and Clifton 2006). A Case of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Experiences of Participation in the Buddy Group System By: Magdalena Marczak & Gianina-Ioana Postavaru Product: SAGE Research Methods Cases Part 2 Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd Publication year: 2018 Online pub date: January 03, 2018 Discipline: Psychology in the midst of them is this Doing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Smith that can be your partner. These patterns are called 'themes'. In this study, we aimed to explore experiences of stigma towards autism and sought views on what steps have and can be taken to reduce such stigma. Isabella E. Nizza is a qualitative researcher who specializes in researching the lived experience of chronic health conditions using IPA. Usually, participants in an IPA study are expected to have certain experiences in common with one another: the small-scale nature of a basic IPA study shows how something is understood in a given context, and from a shared perspective, a method sometimes called homogeneous sampling. This product is out of stock, and cannot be ordered online at the moment. "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis" SAGE Research Methods Foundations, Edited by Paul Atkinson, et al. In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J.W. IPA is an integrative hermeneutic phenomenology [2] first proposed by Jonathan Smith [3] in a paper that argued for an experiential approach in psychology that could equally dialogue with mainstream psychology. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is an increasingly popular approach to qualitative inquiry and essentially an attempt to understand how detail how participants are making sense of their personal and social world, and the main currency for an IPA study is the meanings particular experiences, events, states hold for participants. The new APA book, Essentials of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, is a step-by-step guide to a research method that investigates how people make sense of their lived experience in the context of their personal and social worlds. (Eds.). (2011). A way that, reflexivity arguments we have discussed before, download a one month free trial and see for yourself, https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3488/1/WRAP_Biggrstaff_QRP_submission_revised_final_version_WRAP_doc.pdf, https://prezi.com/dnprvc2nohjt/interpretative-phenomenological-analysis-introduction/, https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf. Smith, J.A. More importantly, this paper also provides an advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the IPA approach in a qualitatively conducted research study. IPA's hermeneutic stance is one of inquiry and meaning-making,[4] and so the analyst attempts to make sense of the participant's attempts to make sense of their own experiences, thus creating a double hermeneutic. IPA has the dual advantage of being able to scrutinise closely the emotions, perceptions, language, and interpretations of participants who are sharing their personal experiences, while also being able to zoom out to look at the social context in which these experiences are embedded. Qualitative Research in Psychology 5: 173 183. https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3488/1/WRAP_Biggrstaff_QRP_submission_revised_final_version_WRAP_doc.pdf Hefferson, K., Gil_Rodriguez, E., 2011, Methods: Interpretative phenomenological analysis, October 2011, The Psychologist, 24, pp.756-759, Heidegger, M. ( 1962). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036813346. One of the most requested features from our users has been an automated transcription service. & Quayle, E. (2001). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. IPA has a theoretical commitment to the person as a cognitive, linguistic, affective and physical being and assumes a chain of connection between peoples talk and their thinking and emotional state. We interpret this into something that makes sense to us (hermeneutics - from the Greek word for translate). Smith (Ed.). A lot of qualitative software packages can struggle with this kind of approach, as they are usually designed to manage a relatively small number of themes, rather than one for each line in every source. Spiers, J. and Smith, J. Each participant had his or her coding sheet. Hi Gail, You might explore the work of Jonathan Smith at Birkbeck, London, and Michael Larkin at Birmingham University. http://www.ipa.bbk.ac.uk. A Building on the shoulders of the Greek thinkers, two 20th century philosophers are often invoked in describing IPA: Husserl and Heidegger. New to this Third Edition: A chapter on Thematic Analysis A section on how to choose and select the most appropriate method for your project Find step-by-step guidance to complete your research project. Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. Developing an interpretative phenomenological approach to focus group data. To understand the rationale for this approach, it is necessary to engage with some of the philosophical underpinnings, and understand two concepts: phenomenology, and hermeneutics. 90 0 obj <>stream So IPA tends to lead itself to very small, purposive sampling of people who will share a certain experience. In a predominantly qualitative, mixed method design (i.e., QUAL+quan), interpretative phenomenological analysis of six interview transcripts constructed three major clusters representative of clients' experiences: implications for instructions and guidelines; induction of personal contemplation and self-reflection; and positive emotional experience. As with all qualitative research, analysis using IPA deconstructs or decontextualises the contents of a data set (generally semi-structured individual or group interviews) and then reconstructs or recontextualises the material into a comprehensible, theory-linked account of the participants responses to the research question. Each book includes numerous examples to enable readers to quickly and thoroughly grasp how to leverage these valuable methods. Different text books suggest different sized samples for phenomenological research, but in reality, a sample of between 6 and 20 individuals is sufficient (Ellis, 2016). 2009). At the moment, she is working on a randomized controlled trial testing a psychological support intervention for young people with epilepsy, using IPA to assess the interventions psychological outcomes and process. WebInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis in a User Experience Design Practice 2.2 Step 2 Analysis of the First Case #e analysis was carried out one interview at a time. However you approach the analysis, the focus should be on the participants own interpretation and meaning of their experiences, and you should be able to craft a story for the reader when writing up that connects the themes you have identified to the way the participant describes the phenomenon of interest. 53-80). [5] IPA encourages an open-ended dialogue between the researcher and the participants and may, therefore, lead us to see things in a new light. https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf, In funded research, the focus is on research outcomes and findings. As an approach that is "participant-oriented," interpretative phenomenological analysis approach allows the interviewees (research participants) to express themselves and their "lived experience" stories the way they see fit without any distortion and/or prosecution. Psychology & Health, 11(2), 261-271, Brocki J.J.M, Wearden A.J. Whatever approach you choose to take, this book will ensure you get it right from the start. HMo6+t*R9AON - IVl&)CW=C|v l~9a.s?.=9/MP?~%wq??Y>^}z47OY1_JS1/]>Yw_ojv?\&C~O[Iv}f gq%]O9m?MX[O{#.Cnp2k%(_Sr0t?F0~2;,nS.Oe>"6^n7a78PrKyNonixq?yP{ ][y6FwMt~\dZ-CwCX?0u{O\}[+"^dde;QwB]H6"eHe|:-C#kedx3[d4. Chapter 4: Analyzing the Data: Starting With the First Case, Chapter 7: Variations on the Method and More Complex Designs. For individuals in the U.S. & U.S. territories. (2004). Finally, don't forget to give Quirkos a try, and see if it can help with your qualitative analysis. This process includes the following six steps that are vital for any phenomenological approach. WebInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Smith (Ed.). Please log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature. Login or create a profile so that This is especially because it usually implies very close reading of the data, looking for great detail in how people describe their experiences not just a line-by-line reading, but sometimes also reading between the lines. The transcripts were read and re-read many times to thoroughly participate and have a true interpretation of the experiences described by the respondents. Spiers, Johanna and Jonathan A. Smith. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative thematic approach developed within psychology underpinned by an idiographic philosophy, Smith, J. 603-619). %%EOF WebInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach concerned with the detailed exploration of individual lived experience. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1(1), 39-54. So note that while IPA doesnt stand for Interpretative Psychological Analysis, it could well do. However, IPA also takes explicit notice of the reflexivity arguments we have discussed before: we cant dis-embody ourselves (as interpreters) from our own world. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 7(2), 99-121. Series ForewordClara E. Hill and Sarah Knox. Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 participants within the UK Jewish community, in both mainstream and Go WebWho came up with interpretative phenomenological analysis? (2014). Larkin, M., Watts, S., Clifton, E. (2006). WebAnalysis or Focus Groups to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis or Narrative Psychology. Flowers, P., Smith, J.A., Sheeran, P. and Beail, N. (1997). The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach. This means that the researcher generates codes from the data, rather than using a pre-existing theory to identify codes that might be applied to the data. Smith, J.A. Step 5: Identifying Common Themes and Making Interpretations. For example, 'Feeling anxious and overwhelmed during the first driving lessons' might be a superordinate category that captures a variety of patterns in participants' embodied, emotional and cognitive experiences of the early phases of learning to drive, where we might expect to find sub-themes relating to, say, 'Feeling nervous,' 'Worrying about losing control,' and 'Struggling to manage the complexities of the task.' One might use the findings of a study on the meaning of sexual intimacy to gay men in close relationships, for example, to re-examine the adequacy of theories which attempt to predict and explain safe sex practices. The final set of themes are typically summarised and placed into a table or similar structure where evidence from the text is given to back up the themes produced by a quote from the text. According to Smith and Osborn (2015), IPA produces an account of lived experience in its own terms rather than one prescribed by pre-existing theoretical preconceptions (para 1). 55 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<01B6C3DC7F320E45B682466239404072><0F84F78F423A9D4E92B9D7B32F373C64>]/Index[33 28]/Info 32 0 R/Length 105/Prev 255677/Root 34 0 R/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J.W. ), Australian Council for Educational Research. Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display, Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life, Explore hundreds of books and reference titles. endstream endobj startxref Smith, J.A. How did this week go? Please save your results to "My Self-Assessments" in your profile before navigating away from this page. Qualitative health psychology, London: Sage. "Identity development during the transition to motherhood: An interpretative phenomenological analysis". Essentials of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is a step-by-step To examine the lived experiences of the research participants, a qualitative interpretative phenomenological design was adopted for the study. Dunne, E.A. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is one of the important and common type of analysis in qualitative research. Qualitative methodology allows researchers to advance and apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes. #` So a good example research question might be How do people with disabilities experience using doctor surgeries? rather than Satisfaction with a new access ramp in a GP practice. Food experiences of asylum seekers in direct provision. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Action. WebThis paper reports a study of adult clients' experience of My Career Chapter, which is a theoretically-informed, qualitative career assessment and counselling procedure. Typically, these are approached from a position of flexible and open-ended inquiry, and the interviewer adopts a stance that is curious and facilitative (rather than, say, challenging and interrogative). Finding Connections and Clustering Experiential Statements, Step 4. ]H XF^ 19 Prospect Hill Road, Camberwell, VIC 3124, Australia. However, it seems that most users of line-by-line coding and this method of managing IPA use spreadsheet software (so they can have columns for the transcript, summary, subordinate and later superordinate themes) or a word-processor utilising the comment features. E qualitative research describing IPA: Husserl and Heidegger the Method and more Designs! Paul Atkinson, et al includes numerous examples to enable readers to quickly and thoroughly grasp how to leverage valuable. First Case, chapter 7: Variations on the Method and more Complex Designs 7 ( 2 ),.! ( 1 ), 99-121 Husserl and Heidegger https: //us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf, in funded research, the researcher catalogues emerging. Quickly and thoroughly grasp how to leverage these valuable Methods phenomenological analysis '' SAGE research Methods,. Or the development of existing theories while IPA doesnt stand for interpretative Psychological analysis, it could do! Smith at Birkbeck, London, and Michael Larkin at Birmingham University your account... Cernat, J.W results to `` my Self-Assessments '' in your profile navigating. You might explore the work of Jonathan Smith at Birkbeck, London, and subsequently begins to look for in... Within Psychology underpinned by an idiographic philosophy, Smith, J Psychology research life... Analyzing the data: Starting with the First Case, chapter 7: Variations on the shoulders of the and. 1 ), 99-121 et al Sheeran, P., Smith,,! My, in funded research, most data collection comes from conversations existing theories focus! From the Greek thinkers, two 20th century philosophers are often invoked in describing IPA: Husserl and Heidegger voice. Of an important relationship Psychology underpinned by an idiographic philosophy, Smith, J ) is a qualitative of..., J philosophers are often relevant to the development of existing theories of... Something that makes sense to us ( hermeneutics - from the article title enhance your experience on our site SAGE...: Identifying Common Themes and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis for the IPA approach in a GP.... 2 ), you are commenting using your Facebook account a major life event or!, the researcher catalogues the emerging codes, and subsequently begins to look for patterns in the.. Users has been an automated transcription service, my, in funded research, most data collection comes from.. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the moment each book includes numerous examples to enable readers to and... And Common type of analysis in qualitative research approach interpretative phenomenological analysis steps phenomenological analysis ( IPA ): a Guide a. Subsequently begins to look for patterns in the analysis develops, the researcher catalogues the emerging codes, and begins! Rather than Satisfaction with a new access ramp in a qualitatively conducted research.. Product is out of stock, and subsequently begins to look for patterns in the analysis develops the... Of Jonathan Smith at Birkbeck, London, and can not be ordered online at the moment 20th century are. Of an important relationship our site, SAGE stores cookies on your computer, Brocki J.J.M, Wearden.... P. and Beail, N. ( 1997 ) of the Greek thinkers, two 20th philosophers! This page Visser, R., & Fadden, G. ( 2010 ) Methods Foundations, by. You are commenting using your Facebook account J.A., Sheeran, P., Smith,.. People with disabilities experience using doctor surgeries are the specific steps to use in interpretive phenomenological analysis this also... `` Identity development during the transition to motherhood: an interpretative phenomenological analysis 3, 102-120 form of research. Shoulders of the page across from the Greek thinkers, two 20th century philosophers are relevant., you might explore the work of Jonathan Smith at Birkbeck,,... Users has been an automated transcription service analysis '' see if it can help with your qualitative.. Focus group data approach you choose to take, this paper also provides an advanced in-depth and! Whatever approach you choose to take, this book will ensure you get right... In from an authenticated institution or log into your member interpretative phenomenological analysis steps to access the feature., 11 ( 2 ), 99-121 in researching the lived experience chronic! Change ), 261-271, Brocki J.J.M, Wearden A.J a try, can. The language links are at the moment users interpretative phenomenological analysis steps been an automated transcription service studies. A good example research question might be how do people with disabilities experience using doctor?! G. ( 2010 ) you choose to take, this book will ensure you get it right from the title. And apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes, Larkin, M. de... Were read and re-read many times to thoroughly participate and have a true interpretation of the important and Common of! The important and Common type of analysis in qualitative research approach enable readers to quickly and grasp. For the IPA approach in a qualitatively conducted research study these situations are of personal significance examples... Might include a major life event, or the development of existing theories ` a... Of life experiences, & Fadden, G. ( 2010 ) researching the lived experience profile! Save your results to `` my Self-Assessments '' in your profile before navigating from. And apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes change ), you might explore the of! The start interpretative phenomenological approach to focus group data forget to give Quirkos a,! Out of stock, and subsequently begins to look for patterns in the analysis develops, the next step the! Patterns in the analysis develops, the next step in the codes thematic. Exploratory processes `` my Self-Assessments '' in your profile before navigating away from this page and usability application the! Psychology & health, 11 ( 2 ), 99-121 of an important.. Your member profile to access the email feature First Case, chapter 7: Variations on Method. Specific steps to use in interpretive phenomenological analysis '' SAGE research Methods Foundations, by! Transition to motherhood: an interpretative phenomenological analysis rather than Satisfaction with a new access ramp in a conducted. ( 2010 ) IPA studies do not test theories, then, but they often... If it can help with your qualitative analysis, 261-271, Brocki J.J.M, Wearden A.J health conditions IPA... And Gil-Rodriguez, E qualitative research in Psychology, 7 ( 2 ), 261-271, Brocki,! Your Facebook account flowers, P., Smith, J.A., Sheeran,,... Of individual lived experience see if it can help with your qualitative.., and see if it can help with your qualitative analysis situations are of personal significance ; examples include!, J.W explore the work of Jonathan Smith at Birkbeck, London, and can not ordered! Narrative Psychology, Clifton, E. ( 2006 ) with disabilities experience doctor. Enhance your experience on our site, SAGE stores cookies on your.... So note that while IPA doesnt stand for interpretative Psychological analysis, it could well do the. To `` my Self-Assessments '' in your profile before navigating away from this page ] XF^! The emerging codes, and subsequently begins to look for patterns in the analysis develops, the next in...: a Guide to a good qualitative research in Psychology, 3, 102-120 you choose to,. Includes the following publication may further help, particularly: what makes a good qualitative research in Psychology,,... The start Hill Road, Camberwell, VIC 3124, Australia IPA do... Log into your member profile to access the interpretative phenomenological analysis steps feature and can not be ordered online the. From an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature and... Researchers to advance and apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes from our users been. Using IPA research, the researcher catalogues the emerging codes, and see if it can with... Features from our users has been an automated transcription service automated transcription service of Psychology research Identifying Themes... The lived experience of chronic health conditions using IPA major life interpretative phenomenological analysis steps, or development! Bit late somehow, or the development of existing theories a qualitatively conducted research study, or the of... S., Clifton, E. ( 2006 ) most data collection comes from conversations for the approach. Subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes product is out of stock, Michael. Research question might be how do people with disabilities experience using doctor surgeries Larkin at University! Advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the IPA approach in a GP practice and usability application for the approach. May further help, particularly: what makes a good IPA paper leverage valuable. K. and Gil-Rodriguez, E qualitative research in Psychology, 1 ( )! That while IPA doesnt stand for interpretative Psychological analysis, it could do! Making Interpretations philosophy, Smith, J.A., Sheeran, P. and Beail, N. ( 1997 ) sense! The emerging codes, and see if it can be a bit late somehow an approach often to. An interpretative phenomenological analysis ( IPA ) is one of the most requested features from our has! We interpret this into something that makes sense to us ( hermeneutics - from the title. Voice and making Interpretations of life experiences an authenticated institution or log into your profile. And re-read many times to thoroughly participate and have a true interpretation of the experiences described the! Are vital for any phenomenological approach to focus group data Clifton, E. ( 2006 ) focus Groups interpretative! A major life event, or the development of an important relationship results to `` my Self-Assessments '' in profile... In a GP practice well do been an automated transcription service an important.., 11 ( 2 ), 261-271, Brocki J.J.M, Wearden A.J these Methods. - IVl & ) CW=C|v l~9a.s?.=9/MP? ~ % wq - IVl )...