[107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. It replaced the flag that had been used since 1928, and was chosen to represent multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in the country's new, post-apartheid democratic society. It is among the most common African last names. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd followed, with their Gold Fields of South Africa company. Ade. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. After the March 1960 massacre of 69 peaceful demonstrators at Sharpeville, and the subsequent declaration of a state of emergency, and the banning of anti-apartheid parties including the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), and the Communist Party of South Africa, the focus of national resistance turned to armed struggle and underground activity. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. The first was formed by Hermann Eckstein in 1887, eventually becoming Rand Mines. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. With the formal end of apartheid in 1994, the new democratic government was saddled with an onerous foreign debt amounting to R86,700,000,000 (US$14,000,000,000 at then current exchange rates) accrued by the former apartheid regime. Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. By 16 December, the fleet had passed the Great Fish River on the east coast of South Africa, where Dias had earlier turned back. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. Portrayals of indenture in recent South African writing", "Indianness Reconfigured, 1944-1960: The Natal Indian Congress in South Africa - The O'Malley Archives", "Surgeon-General SIR CHARLES MacDONAGH CUFFE, K.C.B., LL.D", "Eastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878 | South African History Online", "Jacob Zuma a spawn of collaborators trying to right old wrongs", "Southern Africa - European and African interaction in the 19th century | Britannica", "Black involvement in the AngloBoer War, 18991902", "Partner in the Struggle against Apartheid", "Volume Five Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report", "Institute of Security Studies, Monograph No.81", Political pardons would damage the legacy of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/21/ares21.htm. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? (2014). Subsequent to the killing of the Retief party, the Boers defended themselves against a Zulu attack, at the Ncome River on 16 December 1838. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . The United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South Africa for the attack. The Zulu people are part of the Nguni tribe and were originally a minor clan in what is today northern KwaZulu-Natal, founded ca. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. South African surnames. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. The Boers kept on fighting. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. The small initial group of free burghers, as these farmers were known, steadily increased in number and began to expand their farms further north and east into the territory of the Khoikhoi. Lwando Southern African. Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. In that year, the SS Truro arrived in Durban harbour with over 300 Indians on board. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Ismail bowled a delivery at a speed of 80 miles per hour i.e. In 1824 a party of 25 men under British Lieutenant F G Farewell arrived from the Cape Colony and established a settlement on the northern shore of the Bay of Natal, which would later become the port of Durban, so named after Benjamin D'Urban, a governor of the Cape Colony. [242] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) found that competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing gave rise to tension among refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and host communities, identified as a main cause of the xenophobic violence. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. In 1895, a column of mercenaries in the employ of Cecil John Rhodes' Rhodesian-based Charter Company and led by Captain Leander Starr Jameson had entered the ZAR with the intention of sparking an uprising on the Witwatersrand and installing a British administration there. 36. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. Hetherington, Penelope. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. Male | Jabulani, a Zulu name often shortened to Jabu, means "rejoice" and is pronounced Jah-boo-LAH-nee. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . Fourie, J. [24] Others, now known as the SothoTswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), settled in the interior on the plateau known as the Highveld,[24] while today's Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga peoples made their homes in the north-eastern areas of present-day South Africa. [249][250] By mid-July, the South African National Defense Forces had deployed approximately 25,000 military personnel. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? [143], General Jan Smuts was the only important non-British general whose advice was constantly sought by Britain's war-time Prime Minister Winston Churchill. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. Much later, in 1820 the British authorities persuaded about 5,000 middle-class British immigrants (most of them "in trade") to leave Great Britain. The independent Boer republic of Orange Free State evolved from colonial Britain's Orange River Sovereignty, enforced by the presence of British troops, which lasted from 1848 to 1854 in the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers, named Transorange. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. The Apartheid Convention, as it came to be known, was adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 1973 with 91 member states voting in favour, four against (Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 26 abstentions. [102], In 1888, British mining magnate Cecil John Rhodes co-founded De Beers Consolidated Mines at Kimberley, after buying up and amalgamating the individual claims with finance provided by the Rothschild dynasty. 1972. [157], Although many important events occurred during this period, apartheid remained the central pivot around which most of the historical issues of this period revolved, including violent conflict and the militarisation of South African society. During the administration of President Jacob Zuma corruption in South Africa had also become a growing problem. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. [187][188] The Angolan army, in resisting what it perceived as a South African invasion, was supported by a combination of Cuban forces and PLAN and ANC guerrillas, all armed with weapons supplied by the Soviet Union. [94] Cape Colony Governor Henry Barkly persuaded all claimants to submit themselves to a decision of an arbitrator and so Robert W Keate, Lieutenant-Governor of Natal was asked to arbitrate. By that time, more than 2,000,000 children were orphaned due to the epidemic. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. South African Broadcasting Corporation and South African History Archive, Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53, Learn how and when to remove this template message, migrated from the western region of central Africa, Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company, Military history of the Dutch East India Company, Flag of the Republic of the Orange Free State, Military history of South Africa during World War I, Military history of South Africa during World War II, South African Institute of Race Relations, Timeline of liberal parties in South Africa, "Portuguese & Dutch Exploration of South Africa", "Dutch East India Company (DEIC)/VOC | South African History Online", "mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe, and their genetic relationships to other African populations", "History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic variation", "The archaeology of indigenous herders in the Western Cape of South Africa", "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa", "The Untold Stories of Slavery at Cape Town's Iziko Slave Lodge", "South Africa - British occupation of the Cape | Britannica", https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/batavian-republic-1803-1806, "A Tempest In A Teapot? [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. According to Solomon Johannes Terreblanche, a South African academic economist, the government's concessions to big business represented "treacherous decisions that [will] haunt South Africa for generations to come". A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). du Toit is an Afrikaans surname of French origin, originally from Franois du Toit, a Huguenot who moved to South Africa in 1686. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the South African surname lived. This pages allows you to search first names - their meaning, popularity and distribution. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). Dingaan also attempted to establish relations with the British traders on the Natal coast, but events had started to unfold that would see the demise of Zulu independence. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. Renewed tensions between Britain and the Boers peaked in 1899 when the British demanded voting rights for the 60,000 foreign whites on the Witwatersrand. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. The uprising spread throughout the country. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. It is likely that around 50% of white men of military age served during the war, more than 146,000 whites. The ANC had risen to power on the strength of a socialist agenda embodied in a Freedom Charter, which was intended to form the basis of ANC social, economic and political policies. It is also a given name in Kerala. After the suppression of the abortive, pro-German Maritz Rebellion during the South African World War I campaign against German South West Africa in 1914, the South African rebel General Manie Maritz escaped to Spain. Meaning: 'Flower' or 'blossom.' 4. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. [38] The Royal Geographical Society later awarded Livingstone a gold medal for his discovery of Lake Ngami in the desert.[39]. From 2629 April 1994, the South African population voted in the first universal suffrage general elections. 21,000 of them were deployed to France as stevedores at French ports, where they were housed in segregated compounds. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Sekhukhune, members of his family and some Bapedi generals were subsequently imprisoned in Pretoria for two years, with Sekhukhuneland becoming part of the Transvaal Republic. [63], By 1860, with slavery having been abolished in 1834, and after the annexation of Natal as a British colony in 1843, the British colonists in Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) turned to India to resolve a labour shortage, as men of the local Zulu warrior nation were refusing to work on the plantations and farms established by the colonists. Abebe: The genesis of this Ethiopian name is Amharic, and it means 'flower' or 'blossom'. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. This name was adopted in the 17th century by Wesselius Praetorius as a Latin translation of his previous surname Schulte. The stat was also shown on television, which . 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