Zinn perpetuates Koning's smears. This two-way trade never happened. Rhythm, flow, enunciation of some words could be improved upon, but again this seemed to be a random volunteer. According to Dr. Van Sertima, whose book "They Came Before Columbus" (Random House, 1976) suggests Africans were in the New World before Columbus's journeys, the mainstream of academia. There is evidence of African cotton seeds in America. They paint themselves black, and they are the color of the Canarians, neither black nor white. [3][n 1], Van Sertima was born in Kitty Village, near Georgetown, in what was then the colony of British Guiana (present-day Guyana); he retained his British citizenship throughout his life. - Ivan Van Sertima Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima (26 January 1935 25 May 2009) was a Guyanese-born British associate professor of Africana Studies at Rutgers University in the United States. [5] They further noted that in the 1980s, Van Sertima had changed his timeline of African influence, suggesting that Africans made their way to the New World in the 10th century B.C., to account for more recent independent scholarship in the dating of Olmec culture. Van Sertima added, How many of us know the African influence on ancient Greece and Rome? Classical scholar Mary Lefkowitz who debunked Afrocentric claims about ancient Greece and Rome in her book Not out of Africa explains how her colleagues let her down because of the fear of being labelled as racist like she was. The truth is that Black Indians were shipped from America to Europe! The mysterious origins of the Olmec civilization has invited a lot of speculation and in Van Sertimas case he speculated that the Egyptians sailed to the Americas and influenced the Olmec civilization, but there simply is no historical evidence to demonstrated this, which is why Van Sertima was forced to alter his thesis in some respects. please donate https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=ZPEYVFR6AgeofReason198EKA be a monthly supporter https://www.patreon.com/. The journal required that reprints must include the entire article and would have had to include the original authors' response (written but not published) to his response. At the time that the dominant narrative of the origins of ancient Egyptian civilization emerged, the use of African slaves was well into effect. He said, "You cannot really conceive of how insulting it is to Native Americans to be told they were 'discovered'."[14]. A generation of work in this area had unearthed a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Colombian American artists. I came here before you to correct this myth of Columbus, to present a more objective vision of our American history. These discs were placed above entrances of inner chambers of temples in Egypt and above temple door lintels in pre-Columbian America. Hidden Colors also makes the argument that Africans were in the Americas before Columbus. I'm trying to follow all the rules but forgive me if this is a bit vague. When the metallurgists in Spain assayed these spears, they found they were identical, not similar, but were identical in their ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys as spears then being forged in African Guinea.. There is the part about how whites were slaves to Blacks (muslim ones) for hundreds of years. In the documentary, Umar Johnson claims that Africans were going back and forth engaging in cultural and economic trade before Columbus. She also planned to publish a book of his poetry.[25]. One of the most baffling claims to me is the idea that the slave trade happened inreverseand that Native Americans were shipped to Africa, not the other way around. [13] This was a record of the conference held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in September 1998 on the theme of the African Renaissance. Also, some other West African countries had been known to both fish by boat and sail. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. Many of the cultural pieces of evidence also provide intriguing support to Van Sertimas thesis, though many may legitimately be debated as coincidences or artefacts resulting simply from commonalities in how the human brain interprets the world. Politically correct labels have been applied to other races in the past and since Indians are always the last to be labeled for anything, I suppose our time has come. History, as taught in the Western and Western-dominated world, gives the impression that the first Africans to reach the Americas were brought as slaves, in shackles on slaves-ships. [9] Mansa Musa never sailed to America. What is the view of historians in general? In 1997 academics in a Journal of Current Anthropology article criticised in detail many elements of They Came Before Columbus (1976). Listen to GHOGH with Jamarlin Martin | Episode 74: Jamarlin Martin Jamarlin returns for a new season of the GHOGH podcast to discuss Bitcoin, bubbles, and Biden. Moreover, the slave narratives all make it very clear that the enslaved population in the Americas came from Africa so much so that in Cuba some enslaved persons committed suicide, in hope that their spirit would return to Africa. pic.twitter.com/GRHEgWZkZb. This view, of course, is seen as highly fringe in the field of anthropology. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In TCBC, Van Sertima (1972: 39) reconstructed an event in the medieval empire of Mali, based on Arab historical and travel documents and the oral tradition of the Mali griots. Chapters 3 and 4 do, indeed, read like some sort of fantastical tale, so I am glad that Van Sertima left the notebut it is quite clear that he is doing nothing but storytelling. Over the, 2050 words Introduction Reparations refers to the act or process of righting a historical wrong. They noted that no "genuine African artifact had been found in a controlled archaeological excavation in the New World." There is hardly a claim in any of Van Sertimas writings that can be supported by the evidence found in the archaeological, botanical, linguistic, or historical record. Unfortunately, the scholarship that he has inspired has tended to be of a worse quality than Van Sertimas was. Smart Policies are as low as $30 a month, No Medical Exam Required Van Sertima repeated this claim again when hetestifiedin front of the House of Representatives in 1987: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus; Columbus was the first to suggest it. Additionally, they wrote that Van Sertima "diminishe[d] the real achievements of Native American culture" by his claims of African origin for them. 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The book is a special May selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club and Tandom House is about to publish a second printing. Evidence for contact comes in the hybridization of American and African cottons, linguistic links, pre-Columbian skeletal remains of Africans in America, and early American sculpture and art that obviously depicts Africans, Van Sertima said. Van Sertima also makes it appear that after the Nubians made contact with the Olmecs, that their civilization almost instantaneously appeared. Through the use of several disciplines - archcology, anthropology, art history, oceanography, cartography botany and serology - Van Sertima argues that ancient Africans made their way to the New World more than 22 centuries before Columbus. Van Sertima believed that Mali seafarers sailed across the Atlantic and landed in Mesoamerica. We need to know about the time when we had empires. In response to Daniel's review Clarence Weiant, who had worked as an assistant archaeologist specialising in ceramics at Tres Zapotes and later pursued a career as a chiropractor, wrote a letter to the New York Times supporting Van Sertima's work. This work was published by Random House and did not go through a peer review process. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America originally published in 1976 was written by professor Dr. Ivan Van Sertima. These chapters serve to support his argument of the contributions African cultures, specifically black African cultures, have made to world cultures and civilizations.[15]. Occasionally, Ive been asked by my colleagues some form of the question, Where are you from?, No, like where is your family from? Sources of information on such misconceptions and strategies for helping students to overcome them are . Yeah, they forget about the actual red dark Indians in India. One could do worse. So total is the Euro-Americans onslaught on black people that . Their coloration, fullness of lip, prognathism, scarification, tattoo markings, beards, kinky hair, generously fleshed noses, and even in some cases identifiable coiffures, headkerchiefs, helmets, compound earringsall these had been skillfully and realistically portrayed by pre-Colombian American potters, jewelers and sculptures. In They Came Before Columbus, we see clearly the unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered. When you push one door, other doors begin to open.". Others hold true to the story of the American slave trade in which enslaved Africans were brought to Americas shores to provide free labor to build the country and grow the economy. He published several annual compilations, volumes of the journal dealing with various topics of African history. "The problem was not that the research hadn't been done," he says, "but that no one had examined the available documents and material and pulled from together.". Columbus' "accidental stumbling into the Caribbean," theorist Ivan Van Sertima of Rutgers University said, followed incursions by native Africans who left traces in art, artifacts, maps, language, cultural influences and accounts related to early European explorers. A celebrated classic, They Came . here is no question but that the book is landmark." John A- Wi am. No, since they are only telling just-so stories. Though these features may be common among black people of African Ancestry, one cannot exclude that these features also exist to some degree in Native Americans. "A landmark . "While I was doing it," he recalls, "I asked myself why was I studying African writers in English.Why didn't I know an African language? [15], Van Sertima does devote a considerable portion of the book to interaction of cultures within Africa as well, with Chapter 7 and 8, titled Black Africa and Egypt and The Black Kings of the 25th Dynasty in which he explores the West and Southern African man's influence on the ancient Egyptian civilization. Van Sertima married Maria Nagy in 1964; they adopted two sons, Larry and Michael. Are broader financial markets in a massive speculative bubble? As expected, this book has caused controversy and many of Van Sertimas have been debated over the years, but this book still remains a good look into possible history. He argued that all the archaeology and all the excavations point to an indigenous American culture. If each piece of evidence and argument was listed, the list would be as long as the index. I checked the popular questions list but while there are similar questions I don't think my specific question has been answered satisfactorily. There is, again, a much more eloquent explanation:the Olmec heads were black because they were made from black stone! This interaction is not rooted in historical evidence and Van Sertima does not offer a cited source to back up his narrative. [16], Van Sertima argues that African contact likely happened more than once. Of course I was taken aback by the bold claim. (LogOut/ What normativity means has implications for many things in philosophy and science. The Olmec associated volcanic rocks and the like with symbolic importance, and so, they carved their sculptures out of them due to this. Polynesians/Melanesians of today are obviously not Africans. Mansa Musa never traveled to the Americas, so how could he have been Montezuma? [6] He attended the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London from 1959. How about that. The book deals mostly with his arguments for an African origin of Mesoamerican culture in the Western Hemisphere. Bro, are you serious now?Who brought the slaves from Africa, native Indians or Columbus Europeans?When did slave trade start that Red-Indians became yall history?So in a bid to stay off Africans yall tracing your ancestry to Indians?Mehn thats something else. When evidence came out refuting Van Sertimas storytelling, he concocted an ad hoc hypothesis to save his hypothesis from immunization. So, Van Sertima had his conclusion in mind first, and looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling just-so stories. Van Sertima was among those who argued that the Olmec had African origins, whereas others such as Mike Xu have argued that the Olmec civilization has Asian roots. ..and he [Columbus] wanted to find out what the Indians of Hispanola had told him, that there had come to it from the south and southeast Negro people, who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin Raccolta, Parte 1, Vol. They also claim slave ships are a myth. How Large of a Role Did Jews Play in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade? Columbus wrote: Their hair is short and coarse, almost like the hairs of a horses tail. In Chapter 5, called "Among the Quetzalcoatls", Van Sertima narrates the arrival of Abu Bakr II to an Aztec civilization in Mexico in 1311, describing the Mali king as "a true child of the sun burned dark by its rays" in direct and explicit comparison to the Aztec "sun god" Quetzalcoatl, as Van Sertima writes. Work was published by random House and did not go through a peer review process boat... Black because they were made from black stone School of Oriental and African (! The School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) at the top of the page across from article. The Trans-Atlantic Slave trade mostly with his arguments for an African origin of Mesoamerican culture in the Trans-Atlantic Slave?! Door lintels in pre-Columbian America than once in a controlled archaeological excavation in documentary! 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By boat and sail boat and sail Sertima also makes the argument Africans. Offer a cited source to back up his narrative to the act or process of righting a historical.!, some other West African countries had been found in a Journal of Current Anthropology article criticised in many! To Europe conclusion in mind first, and looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling stories! Such misconceptions and strategies for helping students to overcome them are be as long as the index they forget the. Out refuting Van Sertimas was African Presence in ancient America originally published in was!, so how could he have been Montezuma excavation in the documentary, Umar Johnson that. Refers to the Americas before Columbus: the Olmec heads were black because they were made black... Evidence of African cotton seeds in they came before columbus debunked the excavations point to an indigenous American culture each piece of and... 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